MSK-Upper limb Flashcards
Triceps function
elbow extension
Brachialis and Biceps function
elbow flexion
What helps perform pronation?
contraction of pronator teres proximally and pronator quadratus distally
Describe the superficial venous drainage of the upper limb
Two main superficial veins: basilic and cephalic. Basilic originates on dorsal venous network of hand and ascends up medial aspect of the upper limb. At the border of teres major it moves deep into arm and combines with the deep brachial veins to form the axillary vein.
The cephalic vein ascends antero-laterally up arm and then anterior to elbow. At the shoulder it passes through the delto-pectoral groove entering the axilla region via the clavipectoral triangle emptying into axillary vein.
Both connect at the elbow via the median cubital vein
Describe the deep venous drainage of the upper limb
Accompany adjacent artery. eg radial, ulnar and brachial.
Describe the carpal tunnel
Contains the flexor retinaculum (the roof)
Contains 9 tedons: tendons of flexor pollicis longus, four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
The median nerve
Describe the innervation of the median nerve
Motor: supplies all the muscles on the front of the forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
Four small muscles of the hand are supplied by the median nerve.
LOAF:
lateral two lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
What would axillary nerve damage cause?
Axillary nerve (C5,C6): powers deltoid muscle so inability to abduct shoulder eg proximal humerus fracture
What would musculocutaneous nerve damage cause?
Usually injury to brachial plexus causing an inability to flex elbow
What would radial nerve injury cause?
Usually by midshaft humerus fracture causing wrist drop (inability to dorsiflex)
What would damage to ulnar nerve cause?
Possible mechanism of injury through fracture to medial epicondyle resulting in claw hand where fourth and fifth digits are flexed.
Which muscle initiates abduction of the shoulder?
Supraspinatus then deltoid
What flexes the MCPs and PIPs
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Describe a colles fracture
dorsally displaced distal radius with a dinner fork deformity
Describe a Smiths fracture
Fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement of distal fragment
Describe a monteggia fracture
Fracture of proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal head of the radius
Descrive a galeazzi fracture
Fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
Descrive a galeazzi fracture
Fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
Which muscle allows for flexion of DIP joints
Flexor digitorum profundus
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
From lateral to medial: radial nerve, brachial tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
Which nerve lies between the lateral and medial head of the triceps?
Radial Nerve
Which bone is above the base of the thumb?
Trapezium
What is gena varum?
Genu varum occurs when the centre of gravity lies medial to the knee joint and thus they bow outwards, this can place a strain on the lateral collateral, stress on the medial meniscus and on the medial tibial and femoral condyles.
What is gena varum?
Genu valgus occurs when the centre of gravity occurs when the centre of gravity lies lateral to the knee joint, this can pla ce a strain on the medial collateral ligaments and stress on the lateral femoral and tibial condyles.
