MSK-Upper limb

Question 1

Triceps function

Answer 1

elbow extension

Question 2

Brachialis and Biceps function

Answer 2

elbow flexion

Question 3

What helps perform pronation?

Answer 3

contraction of pronator teres proximally and pronator quadratus distally

Question 4

Describe the superficial venous drainage of the upper limb

Answer 4

Two main superficial veins: basilic and cephalic. Basilic originates on dorsal venous network of hand and ascends up medial aspect of the upper limb. At the border of teres major it moves deep into arm and combines with the deep brachial veins to form the axillary vein.

The cephalic vein ascends antero-laterally up arm and then anterior to elbow. At the shoulder it passes through the delto-pectoral groove entering the axilla region via the clavipectoral triangle emptying into axillary vein.

Both connect at the elbow via the median cubital vein

Question 5

Describe the deep venous drainage of the upper limb

Answer 5

Accompany adjacent artery. eg radial, ulnar and brachial.

Question 6

Describe the carpal tunnel

Answer 6

Contains the flexor retinaculum (the roof)
Contains 9 tedons: tendons of flexor pollicis longus, four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
The median nerve

Question 7

Describe the innervation of the median nerve

Answer 7

Motor: supplies all the muscles on the front of the forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
Four small muscles of the hand are supplied by the median nerve.
LOAF:
lateral two lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis

Question 8

What would axillary nerve damage cause?

Answer 8

Axillary nerve (C5,C6): powers deltoid muscle so inability to abduct shoulder eg proximal humerus fracture

Question 9

What would musculocutaneous nerve damage cause?

Answer 9

Usually injury to brachial plexus causing an inability to flex elbow

Question 10

What would radial nerve injury cause?

Answer 10

Usually by midshaft humerus fracture causing wrist drop (inability to dorsiflex)

Question 11

What would damage to ulnar nerve cause?

Answer 11

Possible mechanism of injury through fracture to medial epicondyle resulting in claw hand where fourth and fifth digits are flexed.

Question 12

Which muscle initiates abduction of the shoulder?

Answer 12

Supraspinatus then deltoid

Question 13

What flexes the MCPs and PIPs

Answer 13

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 14

Describe a colles fracture

Answer 14

dorsally displaced distal radius with a dinner fork deformity

Question 15

Describe a Smiths fracture

Answer 15

Fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement of distal fragment

Question 16

Describe a monteggia fracture

Answer 16

Fracture of proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal head of the radius

Question 17

Descrive a galeazzi fracture

Answer 17

Fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

Question 17

Descrive a galeazzi fracture

Answer 17

Fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

Question 18

Which muscle allows for flexion of DIP joints

Answer 18

Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 19

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 19

From lateral to medial: radial nerve, brachial tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

Question 20

Which nerve lies between the lateral and medial head of the triceps?

Answer 20

Radial Nerve

Question 21

Which bone is above the base of the thumb?

Answer 21

Trapezium

Question 22

What is gena varum?

Answer 22

Genu varum occurs when the centre of gravity lies medial to the knee joint and thus they bow outwards, this can place a strain on the lateral collateral, stress on the medial meniscus and on the medial tibial and femoral condyles.

Question 23

What is gena varum?

Answer 23

Genu valgus occurs when the centre of gravity occurs when the centre of gravity lies lateral to the knee joint, this can pla ce a strain on the medial collateral ligaments and stress on the lateral femoral and tibial condyles.

Question 24

What nerve is found in the cubital tunner?

Answer 24

ulnar nerve

Question 24

What nerve is found in the cubital tunner?

Answer 24

ulnar nerve

Question 25

What is the major contributor of blood supply to the femoral head?

Answer 25

medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 26

What structure separates the intervertebral discs from the spinal cord?

Answer 26

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 27

What structure lies in the spiral groove of the humerus?

Answer 27

Radial nerve