1. What Rami forms the Brachial Plexus? 2. What Spinal Levels do these Rami come from?

1. Ventral Rami 2. C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

MSK Upper Limb 1 Flashcards by MLG .

What makes up the borders of the axilla

Ant:

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Post:

Terest Major

Latismuss Dorsi

Subscapularis

Lateral:

Chest wall & seratus anterior

Medial:

Intratubercle groove of humerus

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Contents of the axilla

Axillary artery

Axillary Vein

Brachial Plexus

Axillary Lymph nodes

Coracobrachialis

Short head of biceps brachii

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The Axillary Artery is a continuation of which Artery?

The Subclavian Artery

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At what anatomical point does the Axillary Artery begin?

Lateral Border of the 1st Rib

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The Axillary Artery continues beyond the Axilla as which Vessel?

The Brachial Artery

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At what anatomical point does the Brachial Artery begin?

Inferior Border of Teres Major

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What Rami forms the Brachial Plexus?
What Spinal Levels do these Rami come from?

Ventral Rami
C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

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What nerve roots form the Upper Trunk?

C5 & C6

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What is Erb’s Point?

The point where C5 and C6 converge to form the Upper Trunk

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What nerve roots form the Lower Trunk?

C8 T1

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What nerve roots form the MiddleTrunk?

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What nerve(s) are formed by the posterior cord

Radial

Axillary

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What nerve(s) are formed by the medial cord

Ulnar nerve

Medial side of median nerve

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What nerve(s) are formed by the lateral cord

Musculocutaneous

Lateral side of median nerve

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State the superficial veins of the arm

Cephalic

Basilic

Medial Cubital nerve

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State dermatomes of upper limb

C5-T1

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State the axillary lymp nodes

Posterior

Apex

Central

Lateral

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What bones make up the pelvic girdle

Scapula

Clavicle

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What joints make up the pelvic girdle

Acromioclavicular joint

Sternoclavicular joint

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Label the clavicle

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How to distinguish the sides of the clavicle

The lateral aspect of a clavicle is flatter than the medial aspect
The superior surface is smoother than the inferior surface
The conoid tubercle – attachment for the conoid ligament – is on the inferior aspect of the lateral portion of the clavicle

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Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks (fractures) during a fall?

Between middle and most lateral thirds of the clavicle (mainly middle 1/3)

Thin and lacks muscle support

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Label the Scapula

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State Muscles involved in Scapular elevation

Trapezius (Sup fibres) Levator Scapulae

State Muscles involved in Scapular Depression

Trapezius (inf fibres) Latismuss Dorsi Pectoralis Minor

State Muscles involved in Scapular Protraction

Seratus Anterior

State Muscles involved in Scapular Retreaction

Trapezius Rhomboids Major and Minor

State Muscles involved in Scapular Lateral Rotation

Trazpezius (ant fibres) Seratus Anterior

State Muscles involved in Scapular medial Rotation

1. Gravity 2. Levator scapulae 3. Rhomboid Maj. and Min. 4. Pectoralis minor

1. trapezius 2. Levator scapulae 3. Rhomboideus minor 4. rhomboideus major 5. supraspinatus 6. infraspinatous 7. teres minor 8. Teres major 9. Latissimus dorsi

States the ligaments of the shoulder

1. Coracoacromial Ligament 2. Coracohumeral ligament 3. Glenohumeral ligament 4. Transverse humeral Ligament

Function of coracohumeral ligament

strengthens superior aspect of the joint capsule.

Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest, as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?

Inferoir Part

State the two main shoulder bursa

subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa and subscapular bursa.

Which bursa communicates with the joint cavity

Subscapular

What is the role of subacromial bursa?

Reduce friction beneath deltoid

What common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa

Rotator cuff injuries causing bursitis

State the rotator cuff muscles

1. Infraspinatus 2. Teres Minor 3. Subscapularis 4. Supraspinatus

For the subscapularis muscle state: Origin Insertion Action

Origin: Medial 2/3 costal aspect of scapula Insertion: Less tubersoity of humerus Action: Adduction & medial rotation

For the Supraspinatus muscle state: Origin Insertion Action

Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tuberostiy of humerus Action: Abduction

For the infraspinatus muscle state: Origin Insertion Action

Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tuberosity Action: Lateral rotation

For the muscle state: Origin Insertion Action

Origin: Lateral border of scapula Insertion Greater tubercle Lateral Rotation

Although the rotator cuff muscles have a role in movement at the glenohumeral joint, what is their primary function

Deltoid muscle: Orgin Insertion Action

Origin: from the lateral spine of the scapula, passing across the acromion to the lateral third of the clavicle Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Ant fibres: Flexion and medial rotation Middle Fibres: Abduction Posterior fibres: Extetion and medial rotation

State the shoulder joint muscles

1. trapezius 2. latissimus dorsi 3. teres major 4. deltoids

Pectoralis Major Origin Insertion Action

Origin: the medial third of the clavicle, sternum and costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs and rectus sheath Insertion: bicipital groove of the humerus Action adduct the shoulder medially rotate the humerus

Seratus Anterior Origin Insertion Action

Origin: arises as interdigitations from the ribs Insertion scapula Action Protraction of scapula

Flexion of shoulder joint (sagittal plane) (3)

1. pectoralis major 2. deltoid (anterior) 3. coracobracialis

Extension of shoulder (sagittal plane) | (3)

1. latissimus dorsi 2. teres major 3. Posterior fibres of deltoids

Adduction of shoulder joint

1. pectoralis major 2. latissimus dorsi 3. teres major & minor 4. coracobrachialis

Abduction of shoulder joint 0 to 90 degrees

Supraspinatus Deltoid (mid)

Abduction of shoulder joint 90 to 180 degrees

Trapezius Serratus Anterior

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm

Biceps Brachii Orgin Insertion Action

Origin: **Short Head:** Coracoid Process of scapula **Long Head:** Supraglenoid (Its tendon goes down the biceptil groove of humerus Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: Flexes elbow and sholder joint Supination at the superior radio ulnar joint

Coracobrachialis ## Footnote Orgin Insertion Action

Orgin: Coracoid process Insertion: medial aspect of the mid-shaft of the humerus Action adduct and flex shoulder joint

Brachialis: Orgin Insertion Action

Orgin: Anterior surface of the distal shaft of the humerus Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna Action flex the elbow joint

What nerve supplies all of the muscles of the anterior compartment

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

What muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm

Triceps Brachii

Tricpes Brachii Orgin Insertion Action

Origin **Long Head:** Infra-glenoid tubercle of the scapul **Lateral Head:** Humerus above radial groove **Medial Head** Humerus below radial groove Insertion: Olecronon of ulnar Action: Extension of elbow