MSK Upper Limb 1 Flashcards
What makes up the borders of the axilla
Ant:
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Post:
Terest Major
Latismuss Dorsi
Subscapularis
Lateral:
Chest wall & seratus anterior
Medial:
Intratubercle groove of humerus

Contents of the axilla
Axillary artery
Axillary Vein
Brachial Plexus
Axillary Lymph nodes
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps brachii

The Axillary Artery is a continuation of which Artery?
The Subclavian Artery
At what anatomical point does the Axillary Artery begin?
Lateral Border of the 1st Rib
The Axillary Artery continues beyond the Axilla as which Vessel?
The Brachial Artery
At what anatomical point does the Brachial Artery begin?
Inferior Border of Teres Major
- What Rami forms the Brachial Plexus?
- What Spinal Levels do these Rami come from?
- Ventral Rami
- C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
What nerve roots form the Upper Trunk?
C5 & C6
What is Erb’s Point?
The point where C5 and C6 converge to form the Upper Trunk
What nerve roots form the Lower Trunk?
C8 T1
What nerve roots form the MiddleTrunk?
C7
What nerve(s) are formed by the posterior cord
Radial
Axillary
What nerve(s) are formed by the medial cord
Ulnar nerve
Medial side of median nerve
What nerve(s) are formed by the lateral cord
Musculocutaneous
Lateral side of median nerve


State the superficial veins of the arm
Cephalic
Basilic
Medial Cubital nerve

State dermatomes of upper limb
C5-T1

State the axillary lymp nodes
Anterior
Posterior
Apex
Central
Lateral
What bones make up the pelvic girdle
Scapula
Clavicle
What joints make up the pelvic girdle
Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Label the clavicle


How to distinguish the sides of the clavicle
- The lateral aspect of a clavicle is flatter than the medial aspect
- The superior surface is smoother than the inferior surface
- The conoid tubercle – attachment for the conoid ligament – is on the inferior aspect of the lateral portion of the clavicle
Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks (fractures) during a fall?
Between middle and most lateral thirds of the clavicle (mainly middle 1/3)
Thin and lacks muscle support
Label the Scapula
State Muscles involved in Scapular elevation
Trapezius (Sup fibres)
Levator Scapulae
State Muscles involved in Scapular Depression
Trapezius (inf fibres)
Latismuss Dorsi
Pectoralis Minor
State Muscles involved in Scapular Protraction
Seratus Anterior
State Muscles involved in Scapular Retreaction
Trapezius
Rhomboids Major and Minor
State Muscles involved in Scapular Lateral Rotation
Trazpezius (ant fibres)
Seratus Anterior
State Muscles involved in Scapular medial Rotation
- Gravity
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboid Maj. and Min.
- Pectoralis minor
- trapezius 2. Levator scapulae 3. Rhomboideus minor
- rhomboideus major 5. supraspinatus 6. infraspinatous
- teres minor 8. Teres major 9. Latissimus dorsi

States the ligaments of the shoulder
- Coracoacromial Ligament
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Glenohumeral ligament
- Transverse humeral Ligament
Function of coracohumeral ligament
strengthens superior aspect of the joint capsule.
Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest, as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?
Inferoir Part
State the two main shoulder bursa
subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa and subscapular bursa.

Which bursa communicates with the joint cavity
Subscapular
What is the role of subacromial bursa?
Reduce friction beneath deltoid
What common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa
Rotator cuff injuries causing bursitis
State the rotator cuff muscles
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus

For the subscapularis muscle state:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
Medial 2/3 costal aspect of scapula
Insertion:
Less tubersoity of humerus
Action:
Adduction & medial rotation
For the Supraspinatus muscle state:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
Supraspinous fossa
Insertion:
Greater tuberostiy of humerus
Action:
Abduction
For the infraspinatus muscle state:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
Infraspinous fossa
Insertion:
Greater tuberosity
Action:
Lateral rotation
For the muscle state:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
Lateral border of scapula
Insertion
Greater tubercle
Lateral Rotation
Although the rotator cuff muscles have a role in movement at the glenohumeral joint, what is their primary function
Although the rotator cuff muscles have a role in movement at the glenohumeral joint, what is their primary function
Deltoid muscle:
Orgin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
from the lateral spine of the scapula, passing across the acromion to the lateral third of the clavicle
Insertion:
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Action:
Ant fibres: Flexion and medial rotation
Middle Fibres: Abduction
Posterior fibres: Extetion and medial rotation
State the shoulder joint muscles
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- deltoids
Pectoralis Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
the medial third of the clavicle, sternum and costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs and rectus sheath
Insertion:
bicipital groove of the humerus
Action
adduct the shoulder
medially rotate the humerus
Seratus Anterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
arises as interdigitations from the ribs
Insertion
scapula
Action
Protraction of scapula
Flexion of shoulder joint (sagittal plane)
(3)
- pectoralis major
- deltoid (anterior)
- coracobracialis
Extension of shoulder (sagittal plane)
(3)
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- Posterior fibres of deltoids
Adduction of shoulder joint
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major & minor
- coracobrachialis
Abduction of shoulder joint 0 to 90 degrees
Supraspinatus
Deltoid (mid)
Abduction of shoulder joint 90 to 180 degrees
Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm

Biceps Brachii
Orgin
Insertion
Action
Origin:
Short Head:
Coracoid Process of scapula
Long Head:
Supraglenoid
(Its tendon goes down the biceptil groove of humerus
Insertion:
Radial tuberosity
Action:
Flexes elbow and sholder joint
Supination at the superior radio ulnar joint

Coracobrachialis
Orgin
Insertion
Action
Orgin:
Coracoid process
Insertion:
medial aspect of the mid-shaft of the humerus
Action
adduct and flex shoulder joint

Brachialis:
Orgin
Insertion
Action
Orgin:
Anterior surface of the distal shaft of the humerus
Insertion:
coronoid process of the ulna
Action
flex the elbow joint

What nerve supplies all of the muscles of the anterior compartment
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
What muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm
Triceps Brachii
Tricpes Brachii
Orgin
Insertion
Action
Origin
Long Head:
Infra-glenoid tubercle of the scapul
Lateral Head:
Humerus above radial groove
Medial Head
Humerus below radial groove
Insertion:
Olecronon of ulnar
Action:
Extension of elbow

What small muscle aids the triceps
Aconenous

Nerve supply of posterior compartment
Radial Nerve (C5-T1)
Triceps: C6-C8
Anconeus (C7-T1)
State the contents of the cubital fossa

Which vein lies anterior to the roof of the antecubital fossa?
Median cubital vein
At what level does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar artery?
Apex of the cubital fossa
Which ligament holds the ulnar in place?
Ulnar collateral ligament
Which ligament holds the radial in place?
Radial collateral ligament
Summeries the ligaments of the elbow
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Annular ligament

Muscles of pronation at radial ulnar joint
Pronator Quadrus
Pronator Teres
Muscles of supination at radial ulnar joint
Supinator
Biceps Brachii