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Aaron Anatomy - Year 2 > MSK Anatomy Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

MSK Anatomy Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A

a. anterior superior iliac spine
b. iliac crest
c. iliac fossa
d. pubic tubercle
e. pubic crest
f. obturator foramen
g. acetabular cavity
h. ischial spine
i. ischial tuberosity

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2
Q
A

a. neck
b. lesser trochanter
c. lateral condyle
d. greater trochanter
e. medial condyle
f. head
g. intertrochanteric lin

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3
Q

The two superficial veins are the

A

great saphenous vein and lesser saphenous vein

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4
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

A

Great saphenous vein

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5
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus

A

Small saphenous vein

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6
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

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7
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

A

Small saphenous vein

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8
Q

Name the lower limb lymph nodes

A

Superficial Inguinal

Deep Inguinal

Popliteal

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9
Q

State the dermatomes of the lower limb

A
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10
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint

A

Deeper socket, with stronger and bigger muscles and ligaments.

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11
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Fibrocartilage that lines the acetabulum cavity

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12
Q

Which part of the acetabular cavity does the labrum cover- and what is its function

A

All around besides inferior, to support compressive load

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13
Q

Name ligaments of hip and function

A

1. iliofemoral- prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

2. pubofemoral- hyper abduction of the hip joint

3. ischiofemor - reinforces medial rotation

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14
Q

The movements at the hip joint are:

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Internal Rotation
  6. External Rotation
  7. Circumduction (a combination of the above)
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15
Q

Name hip flexor muscles

A
  1. iliacus
  2. Psoas major
  3. pectineus
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16
Q

iliacus

Hip flexor muscles

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

A

Origin:

Iliac fossa

Insertion

Lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation

Femoral nerve (L1-L3)

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17
Q

Psoas Major

Hip flexor muscles

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

A

Origin

Vertebra

Insertion:

Lesser trochanter of femur as iliopsoas tendon

Innervation

Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

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18
Q

iliacus

Hip flexor muscles

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

A

Origin

Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line of pubis)

Insertion

Pectineal line of femur,

Innervation

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
(Obturator nerve (L2, L3))
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19
Q

What is the main extensor of the hip

A

Hamstring:

long head of biceps femoris,

semitendinosus

semimembranosus,

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20
Q

Which compartment are the hip adductors located

A

Medial

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21
Q

Name these muscles

A
  1. Adductor longus
  2. Adductor Brevis
  3. Adductor Magnus
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22
Q

Hip Abductor Muscles

A
  1. Gluteus Medius
  2. Gluteus Minimus
  3. Piriformi
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23
Q

Label these external rotator muscles

A

1) Piriformis
2) Obturator Internus
3) Obturator Externus
4) Superior and Inferior Gemelli
5) Quadratus Femoris

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24
Q

Which muscle(s) are the medial rotators/internal of the hip joint?

A
  1. gluteus medius
  2. Gluteus minimus
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata
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25
Q

Which muscle makes up the bulk of the anterior compartment

A

Quadriceps Femoris:

  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus medialis
  3. Vastus intermedius
  4. Vastus lateralis
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26
Q

Which nerve innervates these anterior group muscles?

A

Femoral Nerve

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27
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip joint?

A

Hip flexion

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28
Q

To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibia tuberosity

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29
Q

What are the 3 actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

A
  1. flexion of hip
  2. Abduction of hip
  3. Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint
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30
Q

How do the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh act on the hip joint?

A

adduction

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31
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

A

obturator

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32
Q

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?

A

Obturator Foramen

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33
Q

Label

A
  1. adductor brevis
  2. adductor magnus
  3. adductor canal
  4. adductor longus
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34
Q

What structures pass through the adductor canal

A

Femoral artery

Femoral Vein

Femoral Nerve

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35
Q

Which fossa do they enter after passing through this canal?

A

Popliteal fossa

36
Q

Borders of the femoral traingle

A

Medial boundary: adductor longus muscle

Lateral boundary: sartorius muscle.

Base of the femoral triangle/ Superior border? inguinal (upper)

37
Q

Which muscles form the vast proportion of the floor of the femoral triangle

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Adductor longus
38
Q

What are the 3 major structures present in the femoral triangle?

A
  1. femoral nerve
  2. femoral artery
  3. femoral vein
39
Q

What is th femoral sheath

A

Funnel shaped connective tissue tube which surrounds the proximal parts of femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medial to them, which contains lymphatic vessels.

40
Q

State the content sof each compartment of the femoral sheath

A

Lateral

Femoral Artery

Intermediate

Femoral vein

Medial

Femoral canal

41
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A
  1. Fat and loose connective tissue
  2. lymph nodes
42
Q

Femoral artery is a branch of what

A

External iliac artery

43
Q

Where does the femoral artery enter the thigh

A

midway between :

anterior superior iliac spine

and pubic symphysis

44
Q

Which vein is the femoral vein a continuation of

A

popliteal vein

45
Q

Which two important veins drain into it in the femoral triangle?

A
  1. profunda femoris vein
  2. Greater saphenous vei
46
Q

What is the abductor canal

A

Narrow conical tunnel located in the thigh and serves as a passageway from structures moving between the anterior thigh and posterior leg

47
Q

Label the lumbar plexus

48
Q

Main lower limb nerves

A

Femoral

Obturator

49
Q

Identify one main sensory nerve of the lumbar plexus supplying the lower limb

A

lateral cutaneous

50
Q

What is the nerve root value of the motor nerves?

51
Q

What is the nerve root value of the sensory nerve?

52
Q

Label this

53
Q

Label the ligaments of the pelvic girdle

54
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis

A

Greater (into gluteal region)

55
Q

Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum

56
Q

Name these muscles

57
Q

What are the actions of gluteus maximus muscle?

A

extends and laterally rotates hip

58
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

A

They are abducts and medial rotators of hip joint

59
Q

Name the two muscles which connect to the iliotibial tract

A

tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus.

60
Q

Function of iliotibial tract

A

stabilisation to the lateral aspect of the knee joint.

61
Q

The sacral plexus lies on which muscle?

A

Piriformis

62
Q

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of spinal nerves

A

L 4, L5 and S 1 to S 4

63
Q

Main branch to lower limb

A

sciatic nerve

64
Q

Main branch to perineu

A

pudendal nerve

65
Q

What are the root values of the sciatic nerve?

A

L 4 to S 3

66
Q

What is the action of the hamstring muscles on the hip and knee joint?

A

Hip joint extension

Knee joint flexion

67
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5, S1,2

68
Q

Which branch of the femoral artery contributes to the posterior muscle compartment blood supply?

A

Profunda femoris artery

69
Q

Label these muscles

A
  1. semimembranosus
  2. semitendinosus
  3. long head of biceps femoris
  4. Short head of biceps femoris
70
Q
A

Bones

  1. patella 2. fibula 3. tibia 4. femur

Articular Surfaces

a. medial femoral condyle b. lateral femoral condyle c. lateral tibial condyle d. medial tibial condyle e. tibial tuberosity

71
Q

Which is the most important muscle which helps to stabilize the knee joint?

A

Quadricep femoris

72
Q
A
  1. fibular collateral ligament/Lateral Collateral
  2. tibial collateral ligament/ Medial Collateral
  3. anterior cruciate ligament
  4. posterior cruciate ligamen
73
Q

Where does the tendon of the popliteus muscle pass

A

deep to the LCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus.

74
Q

Where does the MCL attache to the meniscus

A

At its midpoint

75
Q

Why is the attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important?

A

Injury in the tibial collateral ligament leads to a reduced mobility in the medial meniscus

76
Q

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the femur from sliding …… on the tibia.

A

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia.

77
Q

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the femur from sliding……… on the tibia.

A

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia.

78
Q
A
  1. medial meniscus
  2. Lateral meniscus
  3. Anterior cruciate ligament
  4. Posterior cruciate ligament
79
Q

What are the main functions of the menisci

A

Lubricate, absorb shock and provide nutrients to the knee joint

80
Q

Which meniscus firmly adheres to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament?

A

The medial meniscus

81
Q

Which movement of the knee causes the patella to move?

A

Flexion and extension

82
Q

Label these bursas

A
  1. subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
  2. Deep infrapatellar bursa
  3. Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
83
Q

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint

A

Suprapatellar bursa

84
Q

What is housemaid’s knee (pre-patellar bursitis)

A

Swelling of the prepatellar bursa due to too much kneeling

85
Q

Muscles of knee flexion

A

Hamstring, gracilis, sartorius

86
Q

Knee Extension

A

Quadriceps (vastus intermedius, lateralis, medialis), rectus femoralis

Aaron Anatomy - Year 2 (21 decks)

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