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MSK Test 1 > MSK Test 2 > Flashcards

MSK Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

Hardened nodule of muscle near site of previous trauma

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2
Q

Myofibrillar Myopathy (Duchenne’s MD)

A

Child under 10 has progressive axial muscle weakness, Gower’s Maneuver to stand up from sitting, bulging muscles (lots of fat in muscle on biopsy)

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3
Q

Polymyositis

A

50+ in age; progressive symmetrical proximal weakness; maybe Anti-Jo-1 on labs

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4
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

50+ in age; progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, rash on eyelids; maybe Anti-Jo-1 on labs

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5
Q

Inclusion body myositis

A

symmetrical muscle weakness in FLEXORS of UPPER LIMBS; maybe Anti-Jo-1 on labs

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6
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Proximal Upper Extremity Weakness, worsens as day goes on and with repeated activity, better with rest

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7
Q

Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

A

Proximal Lower Extremity Weakness, BETTER with repeated activity, irresponsive to anticholinergics

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8
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

Sudden-onset peripheral weakness, 2-3 wks POST INFECTION

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9
Q

Bursitis

A

Non-radiating pain & tenderness on movement, no change in tone

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10
Q

Tendonitis

A

Radiating pain/tenderness on movement, no change in muscle tone/capability

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11
Q

Shoulder Impingement (frozen shoulder)

A

NO motion possible due to constant pain

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12
Q

Megacolon (Hirschbraun’s Disease)

A

Constipation and weight gain

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13
Q

Psoriasis

A

Well-demarcated pink/red plaques with SILVER SCALES on elbow, kness, scalp, butt, intergluteal cleft, glans penis; nail pitting, “oilslick” nail color

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14
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Yellow/white pustules with GREASY SCALES

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15
Q

Herpetiformic Dermatitis

A

Greasy scales over forearms, scalp, or neck following a dermatomal pattern

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16
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Hx Vacation in tropical area, “Pink Papule” with telangectasia, basaloid cell nests and blue cells with big white spaces on histo

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17
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Outdoor manual laborer, Keratin Pearls on histo, lip or burn scar site of origin, Hx of immunosuppression, chronic draining ulcers, or arsenic

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18
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Flaccid Bullae & crusts on SKIN AND MUCOSA; “tombstone” S. basale layer on histo; “fishnet” pattern on IF staining

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19
Q

Bullus Pemphigus

A

Tense bullae on SKIN; eosinophils in dermis & blister on histo; IF stain only shows up on Rete’s Ridges (tips of dermal papillae)

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20
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Asymmetrical, Border irregularity, Color heterogeneity, Diameter >6mm with Evolution (significant)

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21
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Adult onset, progressive DISTAL muscle and facial muscle weakness, cardiac, endocrine, or eye problems also common

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22
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

20-50F, sudden-onset weakness, autonomic function lost

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23
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Brodie’s abscess on imaging, pain (referred or localized)

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24
Q

Ritter’s Disease (Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome)

A

May look like child abuse, negative S. aureus culture for SKIN, positive S. aureus culture for NOSE

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25
Q

Brucellosis

A

Latin American immigrant or slaughterhouse worker; Undulant fever, MIGRANT joint or muscle pain, “wet hay-smelling” sweat

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26
Q

Trench Fever

A

Sudden-onset fever, chills, headache; maculopapular rash on trunk/abdomen; 2-4 wk duration of entire disease

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27
Q

Cat Scratch Disease

A

3-10 day delay, then regional lymphadenopathy, erythematous papulae at slite (skin/eye rash possible, but rare); Warthin-Starry Ag stain

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28
Q

Bacillary Angiomatosis

A

Cat-owner or hx of lice; Nodular lesion, looks like kaposi sarcoma,

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29
Q

Oroya Fever

A

recent travels to Peru/Ecuador; Acute fever, anemia

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30
Q

Verruga Peruana

A

recent travels to Peru/Ecuador; warts, maybe some green/yellow scales, black boils (rare)

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31
Q

Pasteurella microcida

A

Recent animal bite;

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32
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Hx of working with pigs or fish; localized eruption of cellulitis 2-7 days post-infection, MAY cause endocarditis w/ bacteremia; clears on own in 4 wks

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33
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Elderly or post-menopausal woman; fracture sustained from “average” fall, increased Alk-PO4 and Osteocalcin levels, DEXA > 2.5 standard deviations

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34
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

fracture sustained from “average” fall, increased Alk-PO4 and Osteocalcin levels

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35
Q

Paget’s Dz

A

Increased hat size (most common), hearing loss, “jigsaw puzzle” histo

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36
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Osteoporosis

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37
Q

Renal osteodystrophy

A

osteoporosis, INC PO4-, DEC Ca2+ in serum

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38
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Pain on weight bearing, bowed limbs (children); rosary chest (children)

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39
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Blue Sclera, hearing loss, fractures very easily

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40
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Pain, Paresthesia, Palpable firmness/pressure, Pallor, Paralysis, Pulselessness

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41
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

A

White adolescent boys, Diaphyseal growth, fever, chills, weight loss, +PAS staining,

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42
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

10-20 or 65+, metaphyseal growth, Codman’s Triangle on imaging, nuclear hyperchromasia & pleomorphism on histo; can be firm & fibrous, fleshy, glistening, or telangiectatic

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43
Q

Vitligo

A

Irregular, asymmetrical, spreading non-pigmented spots on body

44
Q

Urticaria

A

pruritic, transient wheals on trunks and extremities

45
Q

Atopic dermatits (eczema)

A

Red, scaly, oozing, crusted lesions on cheeks/extensors (babies), flexors (children), or flexors/hands (adults)

46
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

localized, non-spreading, erythematous lesions; changes color of skin

47
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Targetoid lesions (may look like bullae), Hx - Sulfa drug use or HSV infection

48
Q

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

A
49
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrosis

A

> 30% body involvement, entire layers of skin come off, erosion and crusting of mucosa, swelling of lips, erythema throughout body, positive Nikolsky sign (rubbing produces blisters)

50
Q

LIchen Planus

A

Pruritic, Purple, Polygonal, Planar, Papules & Plaques on skin, gingiva, buccal mucosa, or vulva

51
Q

SLE

A

Malar erythematous rash, scaly plaques that WORSEN with sun exposure; discoid patches on skin; NON-EROSIVE to joints

52
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa aquista

A

adult-onset acral blisters on trauma-prone places (knuckles, soles, etc.); “salt split skin” on IF staining

53
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

elderly; asymmetrical pain in joints, morning stiffness 5000

54
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

20-40+ onset, symmetrical, systemic pain in joints, morning stiffness >1 hr, BETTER with use, DIP IS SPARED; Swan Neck/Boutonniere’s Deformity; juxta-articular osteopenia, Pannus seen on imaging; transparent joint fluid, WBC 1000-7000

55
Q

Ankylosing spondylosis

A

18-25M, bamboo back on imaging, positive Schober Test, bilateral sacroiliitis, back pain ALLEVIATES when walking up stairs/hill

56
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis

A

asymmetrical arthritis, nail pitting, bilateral sacroilitiis, conjunctivitis, “sausage fingers”

57
Q

Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s)

A

Can’t see, Can’t Pee, Can’t Climb a Tree (conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis); had “diarrhea/UTI” that resolved 2-3 wks ago; yellow joint fluid, 1000-75000 WBC

58
Q

Gout

A

Exquisite pain, warmth, swelling on BIG TOE (1st MTP), needle-shaped crystals (neg biferengence)

59
Q

Pseudogout

A

pain, swelling on KNEE (asymmetrical), rhomboid-shaped crystals (pos biferengence)

60
Q

Septic arthritis

A

Rapid-onset swelling, redness; asymmetrical; OPAQUE joint fluid (usually deep yellow)

61
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

20-60F, Diffuse aching, stiffness, fatigue, headache, neck/upper limb stiffness & parasthesia; Hx of IBS, mood d/o, insomnia, RA, Lyme’s Dz, HypoT

62
Q

Cutaneous B. anthrax

A

Papule –> ulcer –> eschar, lymphadenopathy, low-grade fever; 1-12 days post-infection

63
Q

Gastrointestinal B. anthrax

A

fever, ulcer, then either regional lymphadenopathy & edema OR bloody diarrhea, malaise, nausea/vomitting

64
Q

Pulmonary B. anthrax (Woolsorter’s Disease)

A

flu-like symptoms WITHOUT runny nose; fatigue, medastinal lymph node enlargement, pleural effusion, all within 3 days

65
Q

Bubonic Y. pestis

A

regional lymph swelling, necrosis, DIC, septic shock

66
Q

Pneumonic Y. pestis

A

sudden-onset chills, fever, weakness, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, shock

67
Q

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia/Rabbit Fever)

A

fever, regional lymphadenopathy, ulcers on skin and mucosa

68
Q

M. leprae (Hansen’s Disease)

A

numerous skin lesions, Anergic T-cells, physical deformities

69
Q

M. tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

A

Night sweats, NERVE damage, isolated skin lesions, +lepromon,

70
Q

M. avium-intracellulaire or M. Kansaii

A

Hx AIDS diagnosis

71
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

round, flat, velvety, “stuck on” plaques (flesh-colored to black colored), Horn Pseudocysts & hyperkeratosis on histo

72
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Ill-defined, scaly plaques on sun-exposed areas, cutaneous horn, solar elastosis & parakeratosis on histo, hx cumulative sun exposure (outdoor laborer)

73
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

little tan-brown papules that dimple upon pinching and are firm to palpation on LEGS of 40+ yo; spindle cell infiltration & collagen entrapment by cells on Histo

74
Q

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

A

large, firm, lumpy nodule on trunk, scalp, or extremities; confused for cysts or lipomas first;

75
Q

Langerhans Cell histiocytosis

A

pink/flesh-colored papules, pustules, or vesicles in CHILDREN; flexural areas, neck, axilla, or perineum; S100+ and CD1a+ on staining

76
Q

Mastocytosis

A

More mast cells seen on skin and organs in histo (or solitary cutaneous aggregation of mast cells on skin); non-scaling papules/plaques look large & red on kids, small & dark red on adults

77
Q

Merkel Cell carcinoma

A

Erythemous, violacious lesions; Round blue cell tumors (little cytoplasm) on histo; in elderly with Hx of UV exposure or MC Polyoma Virus

78
Q

Measles

A

Koplik’s Spots, Maculopapular rash starts at post-auricular area, goes to TRUNK

79
Q

Mumps

A

Parotitis (swollen cheeks/parotids), Orchitis

80
Q

Rubella

A

transient blush rash (or asymptomatic), lymphadenopathy (mild and self-limiting), transient thrombocytopenia

81
Q

Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease

A

small, red sores on mouth and spreads to palms/soles

82
Q

Fifth’s Disease

A

slapped cheeks rash that may spread to limbs, anemic crisis (rare), polyarthritis (adult)

83
Q

Smallpox

A

Sudden onset vesicle/bullae erythematous rash (“boiled skin”)

84
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

small, wartlike lesions that disappear in 1-2 months

85
Q

Pseudocowpox

A

Milker’s Nodule big, red, & stationary lesion near joints of fingers

86
Q

Rickettsiae rickettsii (RMSF)

A

2-14 day incubation, Malar rash starts on extremities and spreads to limbs as petechial rash; Ticks

87
Q

Rickettsiae prowazekii (Endemic Typhus)

A

8 day incubation, rash starts on TRUNK and spreads to EXTREMITIES; Lice

88
Q

Ehrlichiosis

A

1-2 wk incubation, in coastal, midwest, and south U.S.; rash is RARE, Lone Star tick

89
Q

Anaplasmosis

A

NO rash, intracytoplasmic inclusions (morulae) on granulocytes (“mulberry” appearance), Black Legged Tick

90
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

Relapsing weeklong fevers (1-2 relapses), in LICE

91
Q

Borrelia hermsii/turicatae

A

Relapsing weeklong fevers (3-4 relapses), in soft ticks

92
Q

Lyme’s Disease

A

initially erythema at bite site with partial clearing –> asymmetrical, erythematous, annular rash with nerve palsy (rare) or cardiomyopathy (rarer), Black Legged Tick

93
Q

STARI (Masters Disease)

A

Lone Star tick, targetoid-like lesion at bite site, general symptoms and myalgia

94
Q

Dysplastic Nevi Syndrome (MAPP)

A

> 50 melanocytic nevi seen in one clinic visit, bridging of adjacnet nests and increased melanocyte count on Histo, CDKN2A mutant

95
Q

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome)

A

Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas before age 20, medulloblastoma, ovarian fibroma, rib anomalies, keratocysts; PTCH mutation

96
Q

Neurofibromatosis Type I

A

Cafe Au Lait spots, Lisch Nodules, axillary freckles, “bag of worms” appearance of nerves

97
Q

Neurofibromatosis Type II

A

Bilateral schwannomas, multiple meningiomas, cafe au lait spots

98
Q

Muir-Torre Syndrome

A

Sebaceous tumors (yellow/white pitted nodules on head and neck), underlying gastric or GU carcinoma; multivacuolated cytoplasm of sebaceous gland on histo

99
Q

Cowden’s Syndrome

A

hamartomas, benign follicular neoplasms; underlying breast or thyroid malignancy; PTEN mutation

100
Q

Tuberus Sclerosis

A

Renal or CNS tumors, facila angiofibroma, “ash leaf” macules (hypopigmented), Shagreen patches, Periungal/subungal fibromas, cafe au lait spots

101
Q

Epiderolysis bullosa

A

easy blistering (variable amounts of force needed to blister, but easier than average)

102
Q

Sjorgen Syndrome

A

Anti-SS-A, Anti-SS-B, or Anti-Jo-1 on serum, Dry eyes and mouth

103
Q

Scleroderma

A

Thickening & hardening of skin, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, Anti-Scl70 (DNA topoisomerase) on labs

104
Q

Osteochondroma

A

solitary broccoli or mushroom-shaped growth, thickened cartilage growth plate on histo

105
Q

Enchondroma

A

Sudden-onset pain, with “stippling” (cartilage mineralization) on imaging, “normal” histology

106
Q

Giant Cell tumor

A

25-40 yo; “soap bubbles” at epiphysis/metaphysis of long bones; Large, uniformly distributed cells on histo

107
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

> 50 yo, stippling (cartilage mineralization) and bony trabecular invasion/extraosseous extension seen; increased cell numbers and chondrocyte atypia on histo

MSK Test 1 (11 decks)

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