MSK System Flashcards
Describe the three main types of joints and how movable they are
- Synovial joints - move freely
- Cartilaginous joints - slightly moveable
- Fibrous joints - immovable joints
What is meant by mechanism of injury?
The way in which the person was injured - i.e., MCV, falling from a height, etc.
What are considered to be dangerous mechanisms of injury?
Fall from a height greater than 3 meters, bicycle collision, horse riding accident, and MVC
Does bone pain increase with movement?
Bone pain should not increase with movement, unless there is a fracture present
What is myalgia?
Pain originating in muscle (often crampy)
What is arthralgia?
Pain originating in bone or joint (often dull or achey)
What is a contracture?
Shortening of tendons or muscles from the injury or prolonged positioning - difficult to stretch it out
How should the patient be standing when inspecting their posture?
Patient should be standing with feet together
How should a scoliosis screening be completed?
- Look for symmetry of hips, scapulae, shoulders, skin folds
- Ask the patient to bend forward with arms hanging to the floor
- Inspect while patient slowly stands up looking for lateral curves
What are some gait signals that predict falls?
Hesitancy, unsteadiness, staggering, reaching for support, foot scraping, limping, stooping, asymmetry
What is ataxia?
Uncoordinated, irregular movements
What can signal a fracture or MSK ailment if patient is not complaining of pain due to shock/high epinephrine?
Heat can indicate a fracture or internal bleeding
What is atony?
Lack of residual tension, no tone
What is hypotonicity?
Diminished muscle tone
What is spasticity?
Hypertonic; stiff and awkward movement
What is spasm?
Violent, involuntary contraction
What is fasciculation?
Involuntary twitching
What are tremors?
Involuntary contraction
What is a 0/5 or 0% on the scale for muscle strength?
No muscle contraction
What is a 1/5 or 10% on the scale for muscle strength?
Muscle contraction but no movement
What is a 2/5 or 25% on the scale for muscle strength?
Complete ROM with supported joint - No ROM against gravity
What is a 3/5 or 50% on the scale for muscle strength?
Complete ROM against gravity
What is a 4/5 or 75% on the scale for muscle strength?
Complete ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
What is a 5/5 or 100% on the scale for muscle strength?
Complete ROM against gravity and full resistance
What CN provides resistance to test muscle strength of the temporomandibular joint?
CN V: trigeminal
What CN aids in rotation of the neck against resistance?
CN XI: spinal accessory
What is myositis?
Inflammation of the muscles
What CN aids in the shrugging of shoulders?
CN XI: spinal accessory
What is the expected ROM of the temporomandibular joint?
- Can open mouth maximally
- Protrude lower jaw and move side to side
What is the expected ROM of the neck?
- Chin to chest
- Look toward the ceiling
- Each ear to shoulder
- Turn chin to each shoulder
What is the expected ROM of the shoulders?
- Forward flexion
- Posterior extension
- Arms to sides and up over head
- Touch hands behind head
What is the expected ROM of the elbow?
- Extension and flexion
- Pronation and supination of the hand
What is the expected ROM of the wrist?
- Flexion and extension
- Ulnar/radial deviation
- Spread fingers and make a fist
- Touch thumb to each finger (opposition)
What is kyphosis?
Exaggerated thoracic curvature
What does PIE stand for?
Patient presentation, intervention, and evaluation
What does DAR stand for?
Data, action, and response
What does SOAP stand for?
Subjective, objective, assessment, and plan
What are ADLs? Provide examples
Tasks necessary for self-care, such as eating/feeding, bathing, grooming, toileting, dressing, walking, using stairs, and transferring
What are IADLs? Provide examples
Functional abilities necessary for independent community living, such as shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, finances, medications, and using transportation
What is osteoporosis? Which sex does it affect more heavily and why?
The loss of bone density. Women are more affected than men due to a lack of estrogen after menopause that accelerates bone loss
What type of arthritis is worse upon waking and improves over the day? Which arthritis is opposite to this?
Rheumatoid arthritis pain is worse upon waking, whereas osteoarthritis is worse later in the day
