MSK System

Question 1

Describe the three main types of joints and how movable they are

Answer 1

1. Synovial joints - move freely
2. Cartilaginous joints - slightly moveable
3. Fibrous joints - immovable joints

Question 2

What is meant by mechanism of injury?

Answer 2

The way in which the person was injured - i.e., MCV, falling from a height, etc.

Question 3

What are considered to be dangerous mechanisms of injury?

Answer 3

Fall from a height greater than 3 meters, bicycle collision, horse riding accident, and MVC

Question 4

Does bone pain increase with movement?

Answer 4

Bone pain should not increase with movement, unless there is a fracture present

Question 5

What is myalgia?

Answer 5

Pain originating in muscle (often crampy)

Question 6

What is arthralgia?

Answer 6

Pain originating in bone or joint (often dull or achey)

Question 7

What is a contracture?

Answer 7

Shortening of tendons or muscles from the injury or prolonged positioning - difficult to stretch it out

Question 8

How should the patient be standing when inspecting their posture?

Answer 8

Patient should be standing with feet together

Question 9

How should a scoliosis screening be completed?

Answer 9

• Look for symmetry of hips, scapulae, shoulders, skin folds
• Ask the patient to bend forward with arms hanging to the floor
• Inspect while patient slowly stands up looking for lateral curves

Question 10

What are some gait signals that predict falls?

Answer 10

Hesitancy, unsteadiness, staggering, reaching for support, foot scraping, limping, stooping, asymmetry

Question 11

What is ataxia?

Answer 11

Uncoordinated, irregular movements

Question 12

What can signal a fracture or MSK ailment if patient is not complaining of pain due to shock/high epinephrine?

Answer 12

Heat can indicate a fracture or internal bleeding

Question 13

What is atony?

Answer 13

Lack of residual tension, no tone

Question 14

What is hypotonicity?

Answer 14

Diminished muscle tone

Question 15

What is spasticity?

Answer 15

Hypertonic; stiff and awkward movement

Question 16

What is spasm?

Answer 16

Violent, involuntary contraction

Question 17

What is fasciculation?

Answer 17

Involuntary twitching

Question 18

What are tremors?

Answer 18

Involuntary contraction

Question 19

What is a 0/5 or 0% on the scale for muscle strength?

Answer 19

No muscle contraction

Question 20

What is a 1/5 or 10% on the scale for muscle strength?

Answer 20

Muscle contraction but no movement

Question 21

What is a 2/5 or 25% on the scale for muscle strength?

Answer 21

Complete ROM with supported joint - No ROM against gravity

Question 22

What is a 3/5 or 50% on the scale for muscle strength?

Answer 22

Complete ROM against gravity

Question 23

What is a 4/5 or 75% on the scale for muscle strength?

Answer 23

Complete ROM against gravity and moderate resistance

Question 24

What is a 5/5 or 100% on the scale for muscle strength?

Answer 24

Complete ROM against gravity and full resistance

Question 25

What CN provides resistance to test muscle strength of the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 25

CN V: trigeminal

Question 26

What CN aids in rotation of the neck against resistance?

Answer 26

CN XI: spinal accessory

Question 27

What is myositis?

Answer 27

Inflammation of the muscles

Question 28

What CN aids in the shrugging of shoulders?

Answer 28

CN XI: spinal accessory

Question 29

What is the expected ROM of the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 29

- Can open mouth maximally - Protrude lower jaw and move side to side

Question 30

What is the expected ROM of the neck?

Answer 30

- Chin to chest - Look toward the ceiling - Each ear to shoulder - Turn chin to each shoulder

Question 31

What is the expected ROM of the shoulders?

Answer 31

- Forward flexion - Posterior extension - Arms to sides and up over head - Touch hands behind head

Question 32

What is the expected ROM of the elbow?

Answer 32

- Extension and flexion - Pronation and supination of the hand

Question 33

What is the expected ROM of the wrist?

Answer 33

- Flexion and extension - Ulnar/radial deviation - Spread fingers and make a fist - Touch thumb to each finger (opposition)

Question 34

What is kyphosis?

Answer 34

Exaggerated thoracic curvature

Question 35

What does PIE stand for?

Answer 35

Patient presentation, intervention, and evaluation

Question 36

What does DAR stand for?

Answer 36

Data, action, and response

Question 37

What does SOAP stand for?

Answer 37

Subjective, objective, assessment, and plan

Question 38

What are ADLs? Provide examples

Answer 38

Tasks necessary for self-care, such as eating/feeding, bathing, grooming, toileting, dressing, walking, using stairs, and transferring

Question 39

What are IADLs? Provide examples

Answer 39

Functional abilities necessary for independent community living, such as shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, finances, medications, and using transportation

Question 40

What is osteoporosis? Which sex does it affect more heavily and why?

Answer 40

The loss of bone density. Women are more affected than men due to a lack of estrogen after menopause that accelerates bone loss

Question 41

What type of arthritis is worse upon waking and improves over the day? Which arthritis is opposite to this?

Answer 41

Rheumatoid arthritis pain is worse upon waking, whereas osteoarthritis is worse later in the day