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NSG 1610 Final > MSK System > Flashcards

MSK System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the three main types of joints and how movable they are

A
  1. Synovial joints - move freely
  2. Cartilaginous joints - slightly moveable
  3. Fibrous joints - immovable joints
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2
Q

What is meant by mechanism of injury?

A

The way in which the person was injured - i.e., MCV, falling from a height, etc.

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3
Q

What are considered to be dangerous mechanisms of injury?

A

Fall from a height greater than 3 meters, bicycle collision, horse riding accident, and MVC

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4
Q

Does bone pain increase with movement?

A

Bone pain should not increase with movement, unless there is a fracture present

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5
Q

What is myalgia?

A

Pain originating in muscle (often crampy)

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6
Q

What is arthralgia?

A

Pain originating in bone or joint (often dull or achey)

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7
Q

What is a contracture?

A

Shortening of tendons or muscles from the injury or prolonged positioning - difficult to stretch it out

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8
Q

How should the patient be standing when inspecting their posture?

A

Patient should be standing with feet together

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9
Q

How should a scoliosis screening be completed?

A
  • Look for symmetry of hips, scapulae, shoulders, skin folds
  • Ask the patient to bend forward with arms hanging to the floor
  • Inspect while patient slowly stands up looking for lateral curves
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10
Q

What are some gait signals that predict falls?

A

Hesitancy, unsteadiness, staggering, reaching for support, foot scraping, limping, stooping, asymmetry

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11
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Uncoordinated, irregular movements

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12
Q

What can signal a fracture or MSK ailment if patient is not complaining of pain due to shock/high epinephrine?

A

Heat can indicate a fracture or internal bleeding

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13
Q

What is atony?

A

Lack of residual tension, no tone

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14
Q

What is hypotonicity?

A

Diminished muscle tone

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15
Q

What is spasticity?

A

Hypertonic; stiff and awkward movement

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16
Q

What is spasm?

A

Violent, involuntary contraction

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17
Q

What is fasciculation?

A

Involuntary twitching

18
Q

What are tremors?

A

Involuntary contraction

19
Q

What is a 0/5 or 0% on the scale for muscle strength?

A

No muscle contraction

20
Q

What is a 1/5 or 10% on the scale for muscle strength?

A

Muscle contraction but no movement

21
Q

What is a 2/5 or 25% on the scale for muscle strength?

A

Complete ROM with supported joint - No ROM against gravity

22
Q

What is a 3/5 or 50% on the scale for muscle strength?

A

Complete ROM against gravity

23
Q

What is a 4/5 or 75% on the scale for muscle strength?

A

Complete ROM against gravity and moderate resistance

24
Q

What is a 5/5 or 100% on the scale for muscle strength?

A

Complete ROM against gravity and full resistance

25
Q

What CN provides resistance to test muscle strength of the temporomandibular joint?

A

CN V: trigeminal

26
Q

What CN aids in rotation of the neck against resistance?

A

CN XI: spinal accessory

27
Q

What is myositis?

A

Inflammation of the muscles

28
Q

What CN aids in the shrugging of shoulders?

A

CN XI: spinal accessory

29
Q

What is the expected ROM of the temporomandibular joint?

A
  • Can open mouth maximally
  • Protrude lower jaw and move side to side
30
Q

What is the expected ROM of the neck?

A
  • Chin to chest
  • Look toward the ceiling
  • Each ear to shoulder
  • Turn chin to each shoulder
31
Q

What is the expected ROM of the shoulders?

A
  • Forward flexion
  • Posterior extension
  • Arms to sides and up over head
  • Touch hands behind head
32
Q

What is the expected ROM of the elbow?

A
  • Extension and flexion
  • Pronation and supination of the hand
33
Q

What is the expected ROM of the wrist?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Ulnar/radial deviation
  • Spread fingers and make a fist
  • Touch thumb to each finger (opposition)
34
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

Exaggerated thoracic curvature

35
Q

What does PIE stand for?

A

Patient presentation, intervention, and evaluation

36
Q

What does DAR stand for?

A

Data, action, and response

37
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

Subjective, objective, assessment, and plan

38
Q

What are ADLs? Provide examples

A

Tasks necessary for self-care, such as eating/feeding, bathing, grooming, toileting, dressing, walking, using stairs, and transferring

39
Q

What are IADLs? Provide examples

A

Functional abilities necessary for independent community living, such as shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, finances, medications, and using transportation

40
Q

What is osteoporosis? Which sex does it affect more heavily and why?

A

The loss of bone density. Women are more affected than men due to a lack of estrogen after menopause that accelerates bone loss

41
Q

What type of arthritis is worse upon waking and improves over the day? Which arthritis is opposite to this?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis pain is worse upon waking, whereas osteoarthritis is worse later in the day

NSG 1610 Final (10 decks)

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