MSK Session 5 (Lecuture 5.1)

Question 1

Which muscles produce the hinge movement of the elbow?

Answer 1

1) Biceps brachi
2) Triceps brachi
3) Brachioradialis

Question 2

What strengthens the elbow medially and laterally?

Answer 2

Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

Question 3

What does the synovial membrane line in the elbow?

Answer 3

Fibrous capsule and humerus

Question 4

What are the three bands of the ulnar collateral ligament? Where do they join?

Answer 4

1) Anterior cord - medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid porcess and olecranon of ulna
2) Posterior cord - “
3) Oblique cord - “

Question 5

What is the structure of radial collateral ligament? What does it blend with?

Answer 5

Fanlike

Blends with annular ligament

Question 6

What are the two most important bursae in the elbow?

Answer 6

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Subtendinous olecranon bursa

Question 7

What does the radial nerve pass anteriorly to at the elbow?

Answer 7

Lateral epicondyle

Question 8

What does the ulna nerve pass posterior to in the elbow?

Answer 8

Medial epicondyle

Question 9

What does the head of the radius pivot around to allow pronation?

Answer 9

Capitulum

Question 10

What is the function of the annular ligament? What is its shape?

Answer 10

Holds head of radius in place to articulate with the capitulum. It is a ligamentous collar.

Question 11

How does a pulled elbow occur? Whom is it commonly seen in?

Answer 11

Seen in children.
Pulling force causes radial head to subluxate from annular ligament. Causes radius to be dislocated and pulled superiorly causing a lump.

Caused by stretchy annular ligament.

Question 12

What is the difference between a dislocation and subluxation?

Answer 12

Dislocation - complete loss of contact of the joint surfaces

Subluxation - partial dislocation of a joint so that the bone ends are misaligned but there is still some contact

Question 13

What is the interosseous membrane? How do its fibres run? What does it allow?

Answer 13

1) Fibrous joint between radius and ulna
2) Run infero-medially
3) Allows distribution of force from radius to ulna

Question 14

What does the ligamentous articular disc do?

Answer 14

Main stucture affording joint integrity at the distal radioulnar joint. Separates cavity of distal radioulnar joint from wrist cavity.

Question 15

What allows twisting of the articular disc?

Answer 15

Sacciform recesswhich is a superior extension of synovial capsule

Question 16

Which carpal bone is not part of the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 16

Pisiform

Question 17

What are the two ligaments found within the hand?

Answer 17

1) Palmar radiocarpal (ensures hand follows radius during supination)
2) Dorsal radiocarpal (ensures hand follows radius during pronation)

Question 18

What is limited by the radial styloid porcess?

Answer 18

Abduction of wrist

Question 19

What is a colles fracture?

Answer 19

Fracture due to falling onto outstreched hands. Causes posterior displacement of distal fragment of radius

Question 20

How can the scaphoid be fractured?

Answer 20

Fall onto out-stretched hand causing tenderness over anatomical snuffbox. Avascular necrosis possible sequela

Question 21

Which tendons make up the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 21

Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicus brevis
Abductor pollicus longus