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MSK Repeat Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of Medial Thigh muscles

A 
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
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2
Q

What are the three sections of Adductor Magnus?

A
  1. Adductor minimus
  2. Adductor portion
  3. Hamstring portion (innervated by sciatic nerve)
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3
Q

The Hamstring portion of the Adductor Magnus inserts into what?

A

The Adductor Tubercle of the Femur

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4
Q

What are the three muscles that insert into medial condyle of tibia (Pes Anserinus)

A

Gracilis
Sartorius
Semitendinosus

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5
Q

What muscles is a hip flexor, hip adductor, and lateral rotator?

A

Sartorius

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6
Q

What passes through the adductor canal?

A
  1. Femoral Artery
  2. Femoral Vein
  3. Saphenous Nerve
  4. Nerve to Vastus Medialis
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7
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery and vein

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8
Q

The Articular Capsule of the Hip Joint has an overlying bursa to allow smooth movement for what muscle?I

A

Iiopsoas

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9
Q

What muscles insert into greater trochanter of femur?

A
  1. Gluteus Medius
  2. Gluteus Minimus
  3. Piriformis
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10
Q

Ligament that strengthens the Hip Joint; STRONGEST, located anteriorly and prevents HYPEREXTENSION of the joint (backwards)

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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11
Q

Ligament that strengthens the Hip Joint; located inferiorly and prevents HYPERABDUCTION of the joint (sideways)

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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12
Q

Ligament that strengthens the Hip Joint; located posteriorly

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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13
Q

The fibers of ALL three ligaments of the Hip Joint are oriented in a “spiral” fashion around the hip so as to become tightened during

A

Extension

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14
Q

What are the various arteries that vascularize the Head of the Femur

A
  1. Medial/Lateral 2. Circumflex arteries
  2. Retinacular arteries
  3. Artery of the Head

*the Medial Circumflex is the MAIN contributor of all of these

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15
Q

What structures pass through the Greater Sciatic Foramen

A
  1. Piriformis muscle
  2. Sciatic nerve
  3. Superior/Inferior Gluteal nerves and vessels
  4. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve
  5. Pudendal nerve and Internal Pudendal vessels
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16
Q

What structures pass through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen

A
  1. Pudendal nerve and Internal Pudendal vessels

2. Obturator Internus

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17
Q

Gluteus Maximus inserts into

A

Gluteal tuberosity of femur and IT Band

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18
Q

Origins of the two heads of the Biceps Femoris

A

Long head: Ischial tuberosity

Short head: Linea aspera

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19
Q

Insertion of the Hamstring muscles

A

Proximal Tibia and Fibula (aka distal to knee joint)

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20
Q

Knee flexor muscle that unlocks the knee

A

Popliteus muscle

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21
Q

Two branches of sciatic nerve at popliteal fossa

A

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

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22
Q

Branches of Common Fibular nerve and their innervation

A
  1. Superficial Fibular Nerve –> Lateral compartment of leg

2. Deep Fibular Nerve –> Anterior compartment of leg

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23
Q

Superficial fibular nerve innervates lateral compartment of leg and also provides sensory innervation to

A

dorsum of foot

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24
Q

Deep fibular nerve innervates anterior compartment of leg and also provides sensory innervation to

A

area between big toe and 2nd toe (flip flop region)

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25
Q

The (Superficial/Deep) POSTERIOR lower leg group is responsible for Plantarflexion of the ankle only

A

Superficial

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26
Q

Muscles of the SUPERFICIAL Posterior Lower Leg muscle group

A
  1. Gastrocnemius (fast plantarflexion)
  2. Soleus (slow plantarflexion)
  3. Plantaris (proprioceptive)
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27
Q

What is the common tendon of superficial posterior leg muscle group

A

Achilles tendon

28
Q

Achilles tendon inserts into

A

calcaneal tuberosity

29
Q

The (Superficial/Deep) POSTERIOR lower leg group is responsible for Plantarflexion of the ankle, flexion of toes, and inversion of foot

A

Deep

30
Q

Muscles of the DEEP Posterior Lower Leg muscle group

A
  1. Tibialis Posterior (inverts foot)
  2. Flexor Digitorium Longus
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus

*Tom Dick Harry

31
Q

What muscle group tendons pass through Tarsal tunnel and insert into distal phalanges?

A

Deep posterior lower leg group

32
Q

Structures that pass through the Tarsal Tunnel (medial to lateral)

A 
Tibialis posterior 
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry

33
Q

Anterior tibial artery pierces through what structure to vascularize anterior leg compartment?

A

Interosseous membrane

34
Q

The LATERAL lower leg group is responsible for

A

Eversion of foot

35
Q

Examples of leg muscles within the Lateral Compartment

A
  1. Fibularis Longus

2. Fibularis Brevis

36
Q

What muscle passes through the groove in the cuboid and inserts into 1st metatarsal?

A

Fibularis Longus

37
Q

What muscle inserts into 5th metatarsal?

A

Fibularis Brevis

38
Q

The Anterior Compartment Lower Leg muscles are responsible for (Dorsi/Palmar)flexion of the Foot

A

Dorsiflexion (aka. extension)

39
Q

Examples of leg muscles within the Anterior Compartment

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior (primary)
  2. Extensor Digitorum Longus
  3. Extensor Hallucis Longus
  4. Fibularis Tertius
40
Q

Extensor digitorum longus inserts into what structure to flex the digits?

A

Extensor Expansion

41
Q

What muscle allows both dorsiflexion and eversion of foot?

A

fibularis tertius

42
Q

What are the 3 Lateral Ankle ligaments that protects from inversion of foot

A
  1. Anterior Talofibular ligament
  2. Posterior Talofibular ligament
  3. Calcaneofibular ligament
43
Q

What lateral ankle ligament is the most commonly torn due to ankle sprain (plantarflexion and infersion)

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

44
Q

What are the medial ankle ligaments that attach to medial malleolus and protects from eversion of foot

A

Deltoid ligaments

45
Q

Articular surface of the Talus; articulates with the Navicular

A

Head

46
Q

Part of Talus that forms a groove for the Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon

A

Posterior tubercle

47
Q

Mechanism of action for Talus fractures

A

Forced dorsiflexion (auto-accidents; foot on brake pushed superiorly)

48
Q

Articulation surface of the Calcaneus; articulates with the talus superiorly

A

Subtalar joint

49
Q

The Flexor Hallicus Longus passes by/under what notable structures of the Ankle on it’s journey to the Big toe

A
  1. Talus (posterior tubercle)

2. Calcaneus (Sustentaculum Tali)

50
Q

Muscles in the 1st layer of the Plantar Foot

A
  1. Abductor Hallucis
  2. Abductor Digiti Minimi
  3. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
51
Q

Muscles in the 2nd Layer of the Plantar Foot

A
  1. Intrinsic:
    - Quadratus Plantae
    - Lumbrical Muscles
  2. Extrinsic:
    - Flexor Digitorum Longus
    - Flexor Hallucis Longus
52
Q

What 2nd layer plantar foot muscle inserts into FDL?

A

Quadratus Plantae

53
Q

What 2nd layer plantar foot muscle arises from FDL?

A

Lumbrical Muscles

54
Q

Muscles in the 3rd Layer of the Plantar Foot

A
  1. Adductor Hallucis
  2. Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  3. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
55
Q

Muscles in the 4th layer of the Plantar Foot

A

3 Plantar Interossei Muscles (Adduct)

4 Dorsal Interossei Muscles (Abduct)

56
Q

Insertion of the foot Interossei muscles

A

Extensor Expansion

57
Q

The vast majority of Intrinsic Plantar Foot muscles are innervated by the (Lateral/Medial) Plantar nerve

A

Lateral (14 out of 18)

58
Q

The Medial Plantar nerve innervates which Intrinsic Plantar Foot muscles

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Brevis (1st layer)
  2. Aductor Hallucis (1st layer)
  3. 1st (medial) Lumbrical (2nd layer)
  4. Flexor Hallucis Brevis (3rd layer)
59
Q

ALL Intrinsic Plantar Muscles are innervated by which nerve roots

A

S2 & S3

60
Q

One of the terminal branches of the Tibial nerve; innervates 4 plantar muscles; provides sensory innervation to the medial 3 1/2 toes (similar to the median nerve in the hand) and mid sole

A

Medial Plantar nerve

61
Q

One of the terminal branches of the Tibial nerve; Deep branch innervates the majority of Plantar Foot muscles; Superficial branch supplies sensation to the lateral 1 1/2 toes (similar to the ulnar nerve in hand) and lateral aspect of foot

A

Lateral Plantar nerve

62
Q

Medial plantar artery mainly supplies

A

the big toe

63
Q

Lateral plantar artery gives rise to deep plantar ARCH which anastomoses with the deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis)

A

Lateral Plantar artery

64
Q

Subtalar joint is stabilized by what ligament?

A

Interosseous Talocalcaneal ligament

65
Q

Joint that consists of 2 joints (calcaneocuboid joint & talonavicular joint)

A

Transverse Tarsal Joint

MSK (8 decks)

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