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MSK > MSK 2-Additional Flashcards > Flashcards

MSK 2-Additional Flashcards

1
Q

While all lumbar plexus nerves (except for ilioinguinal nerve) pass beneath the inguinal ligament, this nerve passes through ______ canal.

A

Obturator nerve

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2
Q

What anterior thigh muscle group passes anterior to hip joint?

A

Hip flexors

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3
Q

What anterior thigh muscle group passes anterior to knee joint?

A

Knee extensors

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4
Q

Fracture of the neck of femur occurs above/below lesser trochanter?

A

above

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5
Q

Fracture of the neck of femur causes what characteristic appearance of the affected limb?

A

laterally rotated and shortened thigh and leg (due to ilopsoas pulling superiorly and laterally rotating)

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6
Q

The heads of quadriceps femoris insert into quadriceps tendons which become patellar tendons. Patellar tendons eventually insert into

A

tibial tuberosity

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7
Q

Which medial thigh muscle is innervated by sciatic nerve?

A

Hamstring portion of adductor magnus

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8
Q

What opening is in between adductor portion and hamstring portion of adductor magnus?

A

adductor hiatus

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9
Q

Which thigh muscle (can both flex and adduct hip) is innervated by both femoral and obturator nerves?

A

pectineus

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10
Q

What passes beneath the inguinal ligament (from lateral to medial)?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics (node of cloquet)

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11
Q

After femoral artery and femoral vein pass through adductor hiatus they enter

A

popliteal fossa

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12
Q

When femoral artery and vein enter popliteal fossa, they become

A

popliteal artery and popliteal vein

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13
Q

Deep femoral artery is aka

A

profunda femoral artery

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14
Q

Burning pain and paresthesia (tingling) to the outer thigh caused by impingement of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

Meralgia

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15
Q

Lunate surface is covered with

A

hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Three ligaments that strengthen the articular capsule at the hip joint are oriented in spiral fashion to become

A

tight in extension

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17
Q

Head of femur is covered with

A

hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

A small denuded region on the head of femur that serves as an attachment site for the ligament of the head

A

fovea

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19
Q

Part of femur that is commonly fractured

A

neck

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20
Q

Distal aspect of femur has

A

lateral and medial condyles

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21
Q

Distal tubercle of femur above medial condyle; attachment site for hamstring portion of adductor magnus

A

adductor tubercle of femur

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22
Q

Rough prominent ridges located along the posterior shaft of femur

A

linea aspera

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23
Q

A broad, rough tuberosity for attachment of the gluteus maximus

A

gluteal tuberosity

24
Q

A region between the femoral condyles where cruciate ligaments attach

A

intercondylar fossa

25
Q

Retinacular arteries are aka

A

Femoral neck vessels

26
Q

The function of gluteus medius/minimus is to stabilize the opposite pelvis during ambulation (Walking). In Trendelenburg test, what indicates the weak side of hip abductors?

A

The stance leg side is the weak hip abductors if the opposite swinging side pelvis sags.

27
Q

Which hamstring muscle is the most commonly injured hamstring muscle that can is pulled/torn and cause hematomas

A

Biceps femoris

28
Q

What arteries are ruptured during pulled hamstring injury causing hematomas?

A

perforating arteries (vascularize hamstring muscles)

29
Q

What is the characteristic of Posterior Hip Dislocations (PHD)?

A

shortened, adducted, flexed, and medially (internally) rotated affected lower limb

30
Q

What structures pass through greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscles?

A

Superior gluteal nerve and vessels

31
Q

What structures pass through greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscles?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
pudendal nerve & internal pudendal vessels

32
Q

Common fibular nerve is aka.

A

peroneal nerve

33
Q

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is aka

A

fibular collateral ligament

34
Q

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) is aka

A

tibial collateral ligament

35
Q

Muscle that separates the Lateral Meniscus and the Lateral collateral Ligament

A

Popliteus muscle (knee flexor; unlocks the knee)

36
Q

Achilles tendon inserts into

A

calcaneal tuberosity

37
Q

Superficial posterior leg compartment muscles are innervated by

A

S1 & S2 of tibial nerve

38
Q

Anterior tibial artery pierces through what structure to vascularize anterior compartment of the leg?

A

interosseous membrane

39
Q

Lateral leg compartment muscles are innervated by

A

L5 & S1 of superficial fibular nerve

40
Q

Extensor digitorum longus which extends the digits (toes) insert into

A

extensor expansion on toes

41
Q

What anterior leg compartment muscles is a dorsiflexor but also everts the foot?

A

fibularis tertius (innervated by deep fibular nerve)

42
Q

Anterior leg compartment muscles are innervated by

A

L4 & L5 of deep fibular nerve

43
Q

Diminished pulses can often indicate _______ in more proximal vessels

A

occlusive vascular disease

44
Q

Patients suffering from years of _________ often have diminished pedal pulses due to vascular disease

A

diabetes

45
Q

What are the 5 Ps that indicate compartment syndrome?

A
  1. Pallor (pale and cool skin)
  2. Paresthesia
  3. Pulselessness (dorsalis pedis)
  4. Paralysis
  5. Pain (out of proportion)
46
Q

Drop foot results in a characteristic

A

steppage gait (with slap sound)

47
Q

The joint between talus and calcaneus

A

subtalar joint

48
Q

The subtalar joint is aka

A

talocalcaneal joint

49
Q

The joint between calcaneus and cuboid

A

calcaneocuboid joint

50
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus passes beneath what two structures before entering tarsal tunnel?

A
  1. posterior tubercle of talus

2. sustentaculum tali of calcaneus

51
Q

Which metatarsal has sesamoid bones beneath the head part of metatarsal?

A

1st metatarsal (big toe)

52
Q

Which metatarsal phalangeal joint is the common location of acute gouty arthritis?

A

1st metatarsal phalangeal joint

53
Q

Gout occurs due to the accumulation of urate crystals in a joint. In addition to food, what medication can increase uric acid levels and can precipitate acute gouty arthritis attack?

A

thiazide diuretics

54
Q

What is the treatment for gout?

A

NSAIDs steroids, colchicine

55
Q

In what layer of plantar muscles does the neurovasculature that pass through tarsal tunnel enter the foot?

A

2nd layer (with the FDL and FHL tendons)

56
Q

What muscle groups insert into extensor expansion of digits (toes)?

A
  1. extensor digitorum longus (anterior compartment)

2. Plantar and dorsal interossei muscles

57
Q

Dermatomes for L3-S1

A

L3: Medial knee
L4: Big Toe
L5: Middle Toes
S1: Little Toe

MSK (8 decks)

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