MSK 2-Additional Flashcards
While all lumbar plexus nerves (except for ilioinguinal nerve) pass beneath the inguinal ligament, this nerve passes through ______ canal.
Obturator nerve
What anterior thigh muscle group passes anterior to hip joint?
Hip flexors
What anterior thigh muscle group passes anterior to knee joint?
Knee extensors
Fracture of the neck of femur occurs above/below lesser trochanter?
above
Fracture of the neck of femur causes what characteristic appearance of the affected limb?
laterally rotated and shortened thigh and leg (due to ilopsoas pulling superiorly and laterally rotating)
The heads of quadriceps femoris insert into quadriceps tendons which become patellar tendons. Patellar tendons eventually insert into
tibial tuberosity
Which medial thigh muscle is innervated by sciatic nerve?
Hamstring portion of adductor magnus
What opening is in between adductor portion and hamstring portion of adductor magnus?
adductor hiatus
Which thigh muscle (can both flex and adduct hip) is innervated by both femoral and obturator nerves?
pectineus
What passes beneath the inguinal ligament (from lateral to medial)?
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics (node of cloquet)
After femoral artery and femoral vein pass through adductor hiatus they enter
popliteal fossa
When femoral artery and vein enter popliteal fossa, they become
popliteal artery and popliteal vein
Deep femoral artery is aka
profunda femoral artery
Burning pain and paresthesia (tingling) to the outer thigh caused by impingement of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Meralgia
Lunate surface is covered with
hyaline cartilage
Three ligaments that strengthen the articular capsule at the hip joint are oriented in spiral fashion to become
tight in extension
Head of femur is covered with
hyaline cartilage
A small denuded region on the head of femur that serves as an attachment site for the ligament of the head
fovea
Part of femur that is commonly fractured
neck
Distal aspect of femur has
lateral and medial condyles
Distal tubercle of femur above medial condyle; attachment site for hamstring portion of adductor magnus
adductor tubercle of femur
Rough prominent ridges located along the posterior shaft of femur
linea aspera
A broad, rough tuberosity for attachment of the gluteus maximus
gluteal tuberosity
A region between the femoral condyles where cruciate ligaments attach
intercondylar fossa
Retinacular arteries are aka
Femoral neck vessels
The function of gluteus medius/minimus is to stabilize the opposite pelvis during ambulation (Walking). In Trendelenburg test, what indicates the weak side of hip abductors?
The stance leg side is the weak hip abductors if the opposite swinging side pelvis sags.
Which hamstring muscle is the most commonly injured hamstring muscle that can is pulled/torn and cause hematomas
Biceps femoris
What arteries are ruptured during pulled hamstring injury causing hematomas?
perforating arteries (vascularize hamstring muscles)
What is the characteristic of Posterior Hip Dislocations (PHD)?
shortened, adducted, flexed, and medially (internally) rotated affected lower limb
What structures pass through greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscles?
Superior gluteal nerve and vessels
What structures pass through greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscles?
Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
pudendal nerve & internal pudendal vessels
Common fibular nerve is aka.
peroneal nerve
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is aka
fibular collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) is aka
tibial collateral ligament
Muscle that separates the Lateral Meniscus and the Lateral collateral Ligament
Popliteus muscle (knee flexor; unlocks the knee)
Achilles tendon inserts into
calcaneal tuberosity
Superficial posterior leg compartment muscles are innervated by
S1 & S2 of tibial nerve
Anterior tibial artery pierces through what structure to vascularize anterior compartment of the leg?
interosseous membrane
Lateral leg compartment muscles are innervated by
L5 & S1 of superficial fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus which extends the digits (toes) insert into
extensor expansion on toes
What anterior leg compartment muscles is a dorsiflexor but also everts the foot?
fibularis tertius (innervated by deep fibular nerve)
Anterior leg compartment muscles are innervated by
L4 & L5 of deep fibular nerve
Diminished pulses can often indicate _______ in more proximal vessels
occlusive vascular disease
Patients suffering from years of _________ often have diminished pedal pulses due to vascular disease
diabetes
What are the 5 Ps that indicate compartment syndrome?
- Pallor (pale and cool skin)
- Paresthesia
- Pulselessness (dorsalis pedis)
- Paralysis
- Pain (out of proportion)
Drop foot results in a characteristic
steppage gait (with slap sound)
The joint between talus and calcaneus
subtalar joint
The subtalar joint is aka
talocalcaneal joint
The joint between calcaneus and cuboid
calcaneocuboid joint
Flexor Hallucis Longus passes beneath what two structures before entering tarsal tunnel?
- posterior tubercle of talus
2. sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
Which metatarsal has sesamoid bones beneath the head part of metatarsal?
1st metatarsal (big toe)
Which metatarsal phalangeal joint is the common location of acute gouty arthritis?
1st metatarsal phalangeal joint
Gout occurs due to the accumulation of urate crystals in a joint. In addition to food, what medication can increase uric acid levels and can precipitate acute gouty arthritis attack?
thiazide diuretics
What is the treatment for gout?
NSAIDs steroids, colchicine
In what layer of plantar muscles does the neurovasculature that pass through tarsal tunnel enter the foot?
2nd layer (with the FDL and FHL tendons)
What muscle groups insert into extensor expansion of digits (toes)?
- extensor digitorum longus (anterior compartment)
2. Plantar and dorsal interossei muscles
Dermatomes for L3-S1
L3: Medial knee
L4: Big Toe
L5: Middle Toes
S1: Little Toe
