Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy/ physiology > MSK/movement > Flashcards

MSK/movement Flashcards

1
Q

how do you not cut off circulation in your knee when flexion of your knee?

A

peri-articular arterial anastomoses - anastamoses help supply blood at front of knee even when blood supply cut off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an articular surface?

A

surface forming the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do arteries supplying joints come from?

A

large named arteries located near the joint - articular branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what sensations are detected by sensory receptors of the joints nerves?

A

-pain
-touch
-temperature
-pro-prioception (being able to know the position of your joint without looking at it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

does joint have nerve & arterial supply?

A

yes- excellent sensory nerve supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the classifications of joints?

A
  1. synovial
  2. cartilaginous
  3. fibrous

*each is a comprimise between mobility & stability e.g. more mobility = less stable and vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is mobility/stability balance of fibrous joints?

A

more stable - don’t move much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the types of fibrous joint?

A
  1. syndesmoses
    = unite bones with a fibrous sheet (membrane)
    = partially moveable
  2. sutures
    = between bones of skull e.g. coronal suture
    = highly stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is interosseous membrane?

A

example of fibrous sheet between fibula & tibia - syndesmoses fibrous joint example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are fontanelles?

A

they’re wide sutures in neonatal skull (anterior, posterior & lateral) that allow growing skull bones to “slide” over each and make babies head smaller for birth canal (called moulding)

  • explains babies “soft spot” because it’s gaps between bones made of fibrous fluid that allow bones to move, a bit like tectonic plates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are 2 types of cartilaginous joint?

A

primary or synchondroses
and
secondary or symphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is description of primary/synchondroses cartilaginous joint?

A

joint where bones joined by hyaline cartilage
e.g. cartilage connecting rib to sternum or cartilage connecting diaphysis to epiphysis
- when it’s cartilage joining diaphysis to epiphysis the hyaline cartilage ossifies and fuses the 2 bone parts together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is cartilaginous joint mobility/stability balance?

A

limited mobility but relatively stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is description of secondary/symphyses cartilaginous joint?

A

joint where body of one bone meets body of another
- strong & slightly moveable
- fibrocartilage

example = intervertebral discs and pelvic bone (pubis for birth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is problem with cartilaginous joints?

A

both types can “slip”
- slipped disc in vertebrae can compress spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe appearance of fibrocartilage in symphyses cartilaginous joint intervertebral disc

A

outer fibrous annulus fibrosus (fibrous ring)
inner soft nucleus pulposus (soft centre- 90% water in newborns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a synovial joint?

A

a joint that joins bone or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of joined bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is structure of synovial joint?

A

-articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage

-capsule that wraps around joint (external fibrous layer and internal synovial layer)

-inner synovial fluid which cushions, nourishes and lubricates

  • joint is supported by ligament (fibrous band connecting bone-bone)

general structure associated with: skeletal muscles & their tendons, bursae (fluid filled sac that prevents friction - can be extension of joint cavity or close sac from joint cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tendon and ligament difference?

A

tendon = supports bone to muscle
ligament = supports bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 5 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. ball & socket = good range of movement - less stable
  2. hinge = movement in 1 direction
  3. pivot = rotation (like head radio-ulna joint)
  4. plane = movement in 1 direction but more limited than hinge - gliding joint (wrist)
  5. bia-axial = movement in 2 planes, 1 plane less than the other(for example = knuckle)
21
Q

what is order of joint types in order of decreasing mobility in an adult?

A

synovial - cartilaginous - fibrous

22
Q

ball and socket in hip vs in shoulder

A

hip = tighter fit so more stable but less mobility

shoulder = looser fit so more mobility but less stable therefore shoulder has more dislocations

*some people have hyper mobility - like people able to dislocate & pop back

23
Q

what determines possible movement at each joint?

A

shape of articular surface

24
Q

what does subluxation mean?

A

reduced area of contact between articular surfaces (not complete dislocation)

25
Q

what does dislocation mean?

A

complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

26
Q

what are common joints of dislocation?

A
  • shoulder
    -hip
  • pubic symphysis (softens under influence of placental hormone relaxin in pregnancy)
  • knee
  • ankle
  • interphalangeal joints
  • craniovertebral joint (skull to vertebrae)
  • temperomandibular joints
    -acromioclavicular joint
27
Q

where is temperomandibular joint?

A

it’s the synovial articulation between mandibular fossa (cavity) & articular tubercle of temporal bone superiorly & the head of condylar process of the mandible inferiorly

28
Q

where are skeletal muscles usually found?

A

deep to deep fascia with tough fibrous connective tissue covering

29
Q

what do longer muscle fibres mean?

A

greater potential range for shortening so greater potential range of movement produced at joint

30
Q

what is an example of circular muscle?

A

orbicularis oculi (around eye)

31
Q

what is an example of pennate muscle?

A

deltoid (across shoulder & chest)

32
Q

what is an example of quadrate muscle?

A

rectus abdominus (abs)

33
Q

what is an example of fusiform muscle?

A

biceps brachii (biceps over humerus)

34
Q

what is an example of flat aponeurosis muscle?

A

external oblique (side of abdomen)

35
Q

what are the features involved in naming muscles?

A

shape (latin/greek name)
location (body region)
size (relative size e.g. major/minor)
bony attachement (main one)
action/movement (main one)

36
Q

what is an aponeurosis?

A

flattened tendon - commonly associated with flat muscles and attach muscle to soft tissue rather than bone

37
Q

do tendons contract?

A

no - non contractile

38
Q

where do muscles attach?

A

2 points of attachment:
- origin on 1 side of the joint
- insertion on other side

39
Q

what is function of skeletal muscle?

A

to move origin & insertion closer together during contraction

during contraction - muscle fibres shorten along x-axis between origin & insertion

40
Q

how can you work out the action of any muscle? i.e. which direction it moves

A
  • which joint it spans
  • long axis of muscle fibres (tells you what direction it will contract)
  • aspect of joint that’s spanned
  • shapes of articular surfaces of the joint
41
Q

what is flexion withdrawal reflex?

A

like touching something hot, Nerve connections are at spinal cord level the brain is not involved
= automatic response

42
Q

what is stretch reflex?

A

like bicep jerk, knee jerk, ankle jerk reflexes

  • a tendon hammer used to apply brief sudden stretch to muscle via tendon and reflex contractions result in brief twitch of muscle belly or movement in normal direction
    = this is protective response against overstretching
43
Q

what are 2 main types of skeletal muscle flexes?

A

stretch reflex and flexion withdrawal reflex

44
Q

describe process of deep tendon reflex?

A

type of stretch reflex - example hammer light on tendon of knee

  • sensory nerve from muscle detects the stretch & tells the spinal cord
  • synapse in the spinal cord between the sensory & motor nerves
  • motor nerve from spinal cord passes message to muscle to contract
  • the neuromuscular junction is the synapse where the motor nerve communicates with the skeletal muscle
  • the whole route taken by the action potentials is called the reflex arc
  • brain prevents reflex from being overly brisk
45
Q

what does a normal stretch reflex indicate?

A

the following are working:
- the muscle
- its sensory nerve fibres
- its motor nerve fibres
- the spinal cord connections between the two
- the neuromuscular junction
- “descending controls”from the brain

46
Q

what is muscle paralysis?

A

no functioning nerve supply, reduced tone (floppy) if were to test the muscle, muscle can’t contract

47
Q

what is muscle spasticity?

A

muscle contracting, controls from brain not working properly, tone increased (tighter), has intact and functioning motor nerve

48
Q

what is muscle atrophy?

A

wasting = becomes smaller, reducing muscles bulk e.g. after cast on = develops after inactivity

49
Q

what is muscle hypertrophy?

A

individual muscle cells get bigger, not same thing as hyperplasia (when you get increase in number of cells)

anatomy/ physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions