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MSK Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical movements of forearm ?

A

Pronation , supination

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2
Q

Foot anatomical movements ?

A

Inversion , eversion

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3
Q

Scapula anatomical movements ?

A

Protraction, retraction , elevation

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4
Q

Adult skeleton has how many bones ?

A

206

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5
Q

No. of cranial bones ?

A

8

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6
Q

no. auditory ossicle bones ?

A

6

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7
Q

no. facial bones ?

A

14

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8
Q

no. vertebral column bones ?

A

26

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9
Q

no. hyoid sternum & ribs bones ?

A

26

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10
Q

how many upper limb bones ?

A

62

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11
Q

how many lower limb bones ?

A

64

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12
Q

Muscles within each compartment usually share similar : 3 things ?

A
  • nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Function
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13
Q

which compartments of the arm extends and flexes elbow ?

A
  • posterior = extends
  • anterior = flexes
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14
Q

what are muscle compartments separated by ?

A

deep fascia

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15
Q

In elbow flexion what are the 4 muscle groups involved ? Include the muscle names

A
  • agonist = biceps
  • antagonist = triceps
  • synergist = brachialis
  • fixator = trapezius
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16
Q

What are the 4 muscle groups ? define each

A
  • agonists = prime movers (main muscles responsible for a particular movement )
  • Antagonists = oppose prime movers
  • Synergists = assist prime movers
  • fixators = stabilises point of origin of agonist
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17
Q

a nerve supplying a muscle also …. the overlying ….( ….. law)

A
  • supplies
  • skin
  • hilton’s
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18
Q

If a nerve crosses a muscle = it ….it

A

innervates

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19
Q

If a muscle crosses a joint or more than one joint it acts on …… of them (e.g. …… , biceps brachii)

A
  • each one
  • rectus femoris
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20
Q

Muscle …. not ….. meaning they ….

A
  • pull
  • push
  • contract
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21
Q

Where is the rectus femoris muscle found ?

A

Anterior thigh

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22
Q

Each muscle has ….. points : ….. is attached to bone that remains stable and usually more ….., whereas ….. is attached to bone that moves in the joint and is usually more ……

A
  • at least 2 connection
  • Origin
  • proximal
  • Insertion
  • distal
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23
Q

What produces joint movement ?

A

Muscles attach to bone on either side of a joint, contract to produce joint movement

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24
Q

What determines the action of a joint ?

A

Origins and insertions

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25
Examples of convergent skeletal muscle
pectoralis major
26
Examples of circular skeletal muscle
orbicularis oris
27
Examples of multipennate skeletal muscle
deltoid
28
Examples of fusiform skeletal muscle
biceps brachii
29
Examples of bipennate skeletal muscle
rectus femoris
30
Examples of unipennate skeletal muscle
extensor digitorum longus
31
Examples of parallel skeletal muscle
sartorius
32
what skeletal muscle is pectoralis major an example of ?
convergent
33
what skeletal muscle is orbicularis oris an example of ?
circular
34
what skeletal muscle is deltoid an example of ?
multipennate
35
what skeletal muscle is biceps brachii an example of ?
fusiform
36
what skeletal muscle is rectus femoris an example of ?
bipennate
37
what skeletal muscle is extensor digitorum longus an example of ?
unipennate
38
what skeletal muscle is sartorius an example of ?
parallel
39
5 functions of skeletal muscle ?
* movement * Stability of joints * Posture * Heat generation * Convert chemical energy to power mechanical work
40
ligaments : 1. made of ? 2. connect ? 3. supports ?
1. collagen 2. bone to bone 3. a joint
41
tendons : 1. made of ? 2. attach what ?
1. collagen 2. muscle to bone
42
bursa: 1. what is it ? 2. lined by what ? 3. cushions where ? 4. cushions between where?
1. fluid filled sac 2. synovial membrane 3. points of friction 4. bone and surrounding tissue
43
What is hilton's law ?
sensory nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin overlying the insertions of these muscles
44
What are the 3 main structures around joints ?
* ligaments * tendons * bursa
45
What do ligaments prevent ? And what happens when stresses continue ?
* excessive movement * Ligaments stretch
46
A low of muscle tone in the shoulder may lead to what ?
Shoulder joint will dislocate
47
Stability of joints depends on what 3 factors ? Include examples
shape , size & arrangement of articular surfaces * Hip joint & ankle joint Ligaments * Arches of foot Muscle tone * Rotator cuff muscles around shoulder
48
... tissues and cartilage are of ... density and are less well-defined than bone
* soft * lower
49
Movement of pivot joint and examples of where found ?
rotation ; round bony process fits into a bony ligamentous socket
50
Movement of plane joint and examples of where found ?
permit gliding or sliding movements
51
Movement of ball and socket joint and examples of where found ?
permit movement in several axes; rounded head fits into a concavity
52
Movement of condyloid joint and examples of where found ?
permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction & circumduction
53
Movement of saddle joint and examples of where found ?
concave & convex joint surfaces
54
What are the 6 types of synovial joints ?
* hinge - elbow * plane - between tarsal bones * pivot - between C1 and C2 vertebrae * condyloid - between radius and carpal bones of wrist * ball & socket - hip joint * saddle - between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone
54
Movement of hinge joint and examples of where found ?
only permit flexion & extension
55
List 8 movements that synovial joints produce
* flexion , extension * Abduction , adduction * Internal , external rotation * Circumduction = circular pattern * Gliding = also known as plane joints = smooth surfaces that slide over one another = ankles, wrist , spine
56
Typical features of synovial joints are what ?
* joint capsule (fibrous membrane , synovial membrane) * Bone * Articular cavity filled with synovial fluid * Hyaline cartilage
57
What are synovial joints ?
Main type of joint found in the body, variety of movements
58
Examples of caritilaginous joints
* synchondrosis * Symphysis
59
Examples of fibrous joints
* Sutural ligament in skull * Gomphosis * Syndesmosis , between the radius and ulna
60
How are joints classified by type of tissue ? Include examples
* fibrous = virtually no movement = skull * Cartilaginous = no/minimal movement = IV disc, pubic symphysis * Synovial = variety of movements = knee
61
How are joints classified by degree of movement ? Include examples
* synarthrosis - immovable e.g. skull suture * Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable e.g. joints between vertebral bodies * Diarthrosis - freely moveable e.g. synovial joint
62
How are joints classified ?
Structure and movements (or lack of movement) exhibit
63
what is a joint ?
Site where 2 or more skeletal elements come together (articulate)
64
What’s the most proximal and distal part of bone ?
Proximal = base, distal = head
65
Notch ?
Large groove
66
What do surface marking of bones show ?
Markings &/or irregularities (surface raised or roughened)
67
Where are surface marking of bones found ?
Where Fascia, ligaments, tendons , aponeuroses are attached to bone
68
What are the 6 classification of bones by shape ? And give example where found in the body
* long - humerus * Short (cuboidal) - carpal bones * Flat - parietal bone * Irregular - vertebra * Sesamoid (forms in tendon?) - patella (biggest one) * Sutural - sutural bone
69
What do the shape of bones generally relate to ?
their mechanical functions
70
Structure of long bone is what ?
* diaphysis * Metaphysics * Epiphysis * Epiphyseal plate / epiphyseal line
71
Skeleton is ....symmetrical . The .... skeleton is mainly protective this includes the following: skull, ..., ..., ...., .... and the .... skeleton provides motility
* bilaterally * Axial * Hyoid, sternum, vertebral column , ribs * Appendicular
72
Inorganic matter of bone & what do they give ?
* minerals give bones their hardness * calcium hydroxyapatite crystals give strength, resist compression
73
organic matter of bone and what they give ?
type 1 collagen gives bones their flexibility, resist tension/pulling, resistance to stress
74
6 functions of bone
* support - rigid framework * Protection - enclose vital structures & viscera * Body movement - anchoring attachments for most muscles; act as levers with joints functioning as pivots when muscles contract to cause movement * Haemopoiesis - in red marrow * Mineral storage - in bone matrix * Lipid storage in emergencies - in yellow marrow
75
5 functions of skeletal system
* support * Protection * Movement/leverage * Storage of minerals * Blood cell formation (haemopoiesis)
76
Fissure ?
Narrow slit / cleft
77
Foramen ?
Hole or opening
78
Fossa ?
Depression
79
Meatus ?
Tunnel or canal
80
Sinus ?
Hollow space
81
Crest ?
Ridge
82
Facet ?
Flattened surface for joint/muscle attachment
83
Spine or spinous process ?
Slender projection
84
Tubercle ?
Smaller elevation
85
Epicondyle ?
Smaller prominence above a condyle
86
Condyle ?
Large prominence or rounded surface
87
Trochanter ?
Large projection of the femur
88
Tuberosity ?
Roughened, rounded elevation

MSK (25 decks)

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