9 Thigh and femoral triangle

Question 2

Popliteal fossa borders ?

Answer 2

• semimembranosuss
• semitendinosus
• biceps femoris
• gastronemius medial head
• gastronemius lateral head

Question 3

What goes through the popliteal fossa (neurovasculature bundle) ?

Answer 3

• tibial nerve
• poplitieal vein
• popliteal artery
• common peroneal nerve along border of biceps femoris long head

Question 4

Muscles in lower limb compartments are named based on their … ?

Answer 4

• location
• actions
• nerve supply

Question 5

When the sciatic nerve reaches the apex of the popliteal fossa what happens ?

Answer 5

It terminates by bifurcating into tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves

Question 6

what’s the femoral triangle ?

Answer 6

• wedge-shaped depression formed by muscles in upper thigh at the junction between anterior abdominal wall and lower limb
• in front of thigh
• triangular fascial space

Question 7

Borders of the femoral triangle ?
1. base
2. medial border
3. lateral border/margin
4. floor
5. apex

Answer 7

1. inguinal ligament
2. medial margin of the adductor longus
3. medial margin of the sartorius muscle
4. medially = pectineus & adductor longus, laterally = illiopsoas muscle
5. points inferiorly and continuous with fascial canal (adductor canal)

Question 8

contents of femoral triangle (medial to lateral)?

Answer 8

L VAN !
* lymphatics
* femoral vein
* femoral artery
* femoral nerve

Question 9

What happens to contents of femoral triangle as pass between abdomen and lower limb under inguinal ligament ?

Question 10

Where can pulse of the femoral artery can be palapated ?

Question 11

Where can femoral vein be accessed ?

Question 12

What’s the adductor canal ?

Answer 12

• a narrow conical tunnel located in the thigh
• extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus

Question 13

what happens to femoral nerve ?

Question 14

Knee joint type ?

Answer 14

modified synovial hinged joint

Question 16

what is knee articulation between ?

Answer 16

medial and lateral condyles of femur and tibia

Question 18

what are cruciate ligaments ?

Question 19

weaker anterior cruciate ligament attached to … ?

Answer 19

1. Tibia anterior intercondular surface

Question 20

posterior crucitate ligament is attached to ?

Answer 20

1. Tibia posterior intercondylar surface

Question 21

what does anterior cruciate ligament resists ?

Question 22

How does anterior cruciate ligament get damaged ?

Question 23

what is test for anterior cruciate ligament ?

Question 24

what does posterior cruciate ligament resists ?

Question 25

How are posterior cruciate ligament damaged ?

Answer 25

direct blow to front of knee e.g. Road traffic injury dashboard injury

Question 26

Which ligaments prevent excessive medial or lateral displacement of knee joint ?

Answer 26

collateral

Question 27

Tendons of which muscles also aid in stability ?

Question 28

what prevents the patella sliding laterally ?

Answer 28

direction of insertion of part of the tendon of vastus medialis in the quadriceps tendon

Question 29

What are the medial and lateral menisici of the knee ?

Question 30

where do medial and lateral menisci of knee sit on?

Answer 30

tibial condyles

Question 31

Medial meniscus:
1. shape
2. attached anteriorly and posteriorly to
3. medially firmly attached to ?

Answer 31

1. crescent shaped
2. intercondylar areas of tibia
3. tibial collateral ligament

Question 32

What is damage to the tibial collateral ligament usually associated with ?

Answer 32

tearing of medial meniscus

Question 33

lateral meniscus:
1. shape ?
2. comparison to meniscus ?
3. not attached to what ?

Answer 33

1. crescent shaped
2. smaller and more movable
3. lateral collateral ligament

Question 34

what are bursae ?

Answer 34

pockets of synovium and synovial fluid found in regions of friction and wear

Question 35

how many bursae are associated with patella ?

Answer 35

three

Question 36

what is suprapatellar bursa an extension of ?

Answer 36

synovial cavity of knee between quadriceps femoris and femur

Question 37

where does prepatellar bursa lie ?

Answer 37

between apex of patella and skin

Question 38

where is superficial infrapatellar bursa found ?

Answer 38

between tibial tuberosity and skin

Question 39

where does deep infrapatellar bursa lie between ?

Answer 39

patellar tendon and tibia

Question 40

What’s bursitis ?

Answer 40

when bursa can get swollen and inflamed

Question 41

What can bursitis be treated with ?

Answer 41

aspiration and steriods if they don’t settle

Question 42

If the knee joint itself is inflamed what can develop which extends into …?

Answer 42

an effusion develops , then this extends into the suprapatellar bursa

Question 43

what is the patellar tap ?

Answer 43

when effusion in knee joint can be milked inferiorly and patella can be pressed to see if excess fluid is behind it

Question 44

which deformities describe the appearance of part of the bone distal to the joint in question ?

Answer 44

varus and valgus

Question 45

which deformity is described:

distal part of bone directed away from the midline

Answer 45

valgus

Question 46

which deformity is described:

distal part of bone directed toward from the midline

Answer 46

varus

Question 47

What’s difference between where distal part of bone direction with midline with valgus and varus ?

Answer 47

Valgus = AWAY
Varus = TOWARDS