MSK Inflammatory, Immunologic Flashcards
Adhesive Capsulitis
Also called frozen shoulder, involves stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin slowly, then get worse. Over time, symptoms get better, usually within 1 to 3 years. Having to keep a shoulder still for a long period increases the risk of developing frozen shoulder.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
A progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the death of motor neurons, which are the nerve cells that control muscle movements.
Often called Lou Gehrig’s disease.
ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in a limb, or slurred speech. Eventually, ALS affects control of the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe. There is no cure for this fatal disease.
It affects people of all races and ethnic backgrounds. Risk factors for ALS include Age. Although the disease can strike at any age, symptoms most commonly develop between the ages of 55 and 75.
Bursitis
A painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints. Bursitis occurs when bursae become inflamed. The most common locations for bursitis are in the shoulder, elbow and hip.
Chondromalacia Patella (CMP)
The softening and breakdown of the cartilage on the underside of the patella.
Chondromalacia patellae (CMP) is referred to as anterior knee pain due to the physical and biomechanical changes. The articular cartilage of the posterior surface of the patella goes though degenerative changes which manifest as a softening, swelling, fraying, and erosion of the hyaline cartilage underlying the patella and sclerosis of the underlying bone.
Chondromalacia patellae is one of the most frequently encountered causes of anterior knee pain among young people. It’s the number one cause in the United States with an incidence as high as one in four people.
Chrondro=cartilage. Malakia=softening.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
A disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for at least six months and that can’t be fully explained by an underlying medical condition. The fatigue worsens with physical or mental activity, but doesn’t improve with rest.
It is a long-term illness that affects many body systems. People with ME/CFS are often not able to do their usual activities. At times, ME/CFS may confine them to bed. People with ME/CFS have severe fatigue and sleep problems.
Diagnosis criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome include severe fatigue lasting longer than six months, as well as presence of at least four of the following physical symptoms: postexertional malaise; unrefreshing sleep; impaired memory or concentration; muscle pain; polyarthralgia; sore throat; tender lymph nodes; or new headaches.
Costochondritis
Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone (sternum). Pain caused by costochondritis might mimic that of a heart attack or other heart conditions.
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Painful swelling of the tendons that run along the thumb side of the wrist and attach to the base of the thumb. It is common and may be caused by overuse of the thumb and wrist. It is also associated with pregnancy and breastfeeding. People with rheumatoid arthritis may be more susceptible to De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. It is most common in people in their 40s and 50s and affects more women than men.
Lateral Epicondylitis
(Tennis elbow) a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm. The pain is caused by damage to the tendons that extend the wrist.
Medial Epicondylitis
(Golfer’s elbow). Characterized by pain from the elbow to the wrist on the inside (medial side) of the elbow. The pain is caused by damage to the tendons that bend the wrist toward the palm.
Fibromyalgia
A chronic (long-lasting) disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body, as well as fatigue and trouble sleeping. Scientists do not fully understand what causes it, but people with the disorder have a heightened sensitivity to pain.
7 features:
Pain and stiffness all over the body.
Fatigue and tiredness.
Depression and anxiety.
Sleep problems.
Problems with thinking, memory, and concentration.
Headaches, including migraines
Tender points are specific areas of pain that are near joints but are not the joints themselves. They hurt when press on.
Chronic pain and fatigue are common symptoms of both fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The difference is that, in fibromyalgia, fatigue often takes a backseat to debilitating muscle pain. In chronic fatigue syndrome, people have an overwhelming lack of energy, but also can experience some pain.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)
An inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. It is more common in women than men and is seen more often in Caucasians than other races. It typically develops by age 70 and is rarely seen in people younger than 50. PMR may last from one to five years; however, it varies from person to person. Approximately 15 percent of people with PMR develop a potentially dangerous condition called giant cell arteritis.
The cause of PMR is uncertain but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease in which the body’s own immune system attacks healthy tissues. Genetic and environmental factors (such as infections) are thought to play important roles.
There’s no specific test for polymyalgia rheumatica, but it’s likely that a series of blood tests will be done. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are blood tests that can be used.
Radiculitis
Pain that radiates along the nerve caused by inflammation at the root of its connection to the spinal column.
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s Syndrome)
A form of arthritis that affects the joints, eyes, urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body), and skin.
Can’t see, pee or climb a tree.
Usually triggered by an infection caused by bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis (a sexually transmitted disease) or Salmonella (a bacteria that can contaminate foods).
Tendonitis
Inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone. The condition causes pain and tenderness just outside a joint. Tendinitis can occur in any tendon. But it’s most common around shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees and heel.
Trigger Finger (Stenosing Tenosynovitis)
A condition in which one of the fingers gets stuck in a bent position. The finger may bend or straighten with a snap — like a trigger being pulled and released. Repeated movement or forceful use of the finger or thumb can lead to inflammation of a tendon, which can cause trigger finger.
