MSK Infectious Flashcards
Genu Valgum
Genu valgum (knock-knees) is a common lower leg abnormality that is usually seen in the toddler, preschool and early school age child. In genu valgum, the lower extremities turn inward, causing the appearance of the knees to be touching while the ankles remain apart. Common causes of knock knees include:
metabolic disease
renal (kidney) failure
physical trauma (injury)
arthritis, particularly in the knee
bone infection (osteomyelitis)
rickets (a bone disease caused by lack of vitamin D)
congenital (inborn) conditions
growth plate injury
benign bone tumors
fractures that heal with a deformity (malunion)
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone. It can result from an infection somewhere else in the body that has spread to the bone, or it can start in the bone — often as a result of an injury. Osteomyelitis is more common in younger children (five and under) but can happen at any age.
Most cases of osteomyelitis are caused by staphylococcus bacteria, it can also be caused by pseudomonas.
Septic Arthritis
Infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. Different types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi can infect a joint. Symptoms include fever, joint pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Quick treatment with antibiotics is needed to halt the risk of joint damage. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause.
