MSK Degenerative

Question 1

Discopathy (cervical, thoracic, lumbar)

Answer 1

Degenerative disc disease. Degeneration of intervertebral discs. One of the consequences of discopathy is pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Question 2

Facet Syndrome

Answer 2

Degenerative changes to the joints between the spine bones. The cartilage inside the facet joint can break down and become inflamed, triggering pain signals in nearby nerve endings. It is an arthritis-like condition of the spine that can be a significant source of back and neck pain

Question 3

Ganglion Cyst

Answer 3

Non-cancerous lumps that are round or oval and are filled with a jelly-like fluid. They most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands.

Question 4

Hallux Malleus

Answer 4

A misalignment of the toe, whereby the middle joint bends strongly upwards and points the end member to the ground – just like a hammer. (Hammer toes).

Question 5

Hyporeflexia/Areflexia

Answer 5

When skeletal muscles have a decreased or absent reflex response. It results from damage to any part of the reflex arc. Areflexia means the absence of deep tendon reflexes.

Question 6

Kyphosis

Answer 6

An exaggerated, forward rounding (concave) of the thoracic spine. In older people, kyphosis is often due to weakness in the spinal bones that causes them to compress or crack. Other types of kyphosis can appear in infants or teens due to malformation of the spine or wedging of the spinal bones over time.

Question 7

Lordosis

Answer 7

Excessive curvature in the spine (convex). It typically affects the lumbar portion of the spine, which gives a swayback appearance, but it can also occur in the cervical spine.

Question 8

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 8

When the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change. The most common form of arthritis. Some people call it degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees.

Question 9

Osteomalacia

Answer 9

Softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones. In children, the condition is called rickets

Question 10

Spinal Stenosis

Answer 10

A narrowing of the spaces in the spine. It can compress the spinal cord and nerve roots exiting each vertebrae, causing pain and numbness.

Question 11

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 11

A condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the spine moves forward out of the proper position onto the bone below it.
Occurs when one of the vertebrae shifts or slips out of place, usually forward on the vertebra directly below it. Fractured pars interarticularis separates, allowing the injured vertebra to move.
In children and adolescents, this slippage most often occurs during periods of rapid growth — such as an adolescent growth spurt.
Commonly described as either low grade or high grade, depending upon the amount of slippage. A high-grade slip occurs when more than 50% of the width of the fractured vertebra slips forward on the vertebra below it. Patients with high-grade slips are more likely to experience significant pain and nerve injury and to need surgery to relieve their symptoms and prevent further deterioration.

Question 12

Spondylosis

Answer 12

a degenerative process affecting the vertebral disc and facet joints that gradually develops with age.

A condition in which there is a defect in a portion of the spine called the pars interarticularis (a small segment of bone joining the facet joints in the back of the spine).