MSK, Gluteal Region

Question 1

greater sciatic notch

Answer 1

• lies between the posterior inferior iliac spine (above), and the ischial spine (below)

Question 2

lesser sciatic notch

Answer 2

• small notch below the ischial spine

Question 3

ischial spine

Answer 3

• triangular eminence on the posterior border of the ischium

Question 4

ischial tuberosity

Answer 4

• large swelling on the superior ramus of the ischium

Question 5

sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 5

• connects the ischial tuberosity to the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 6

sacrospinous ligament

Answer 6

• passes from the ischial spine to the sacrum and coccyx

Question 7

greater sciatic foramen

Answer 7

• formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 8

lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 8

• formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine

Question 9

greater trochanter

Answer 9

• part of the femur: large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence

Question 10

Intertrochanteric crest

Answer 10

• a bony ridge located on the posterior side of the head of the femur, stretching obliquely downward and medially from the summit of the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter

Question 11

Trochanteric fossa

Answer 11

• medial surface of the greater trochanter has at its base a deep depression bounded posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest

Question 12

Gluteal tuberosity

Answer 12

• The lateral ridge of the linea aspera which is very rough, and runs almost vertically upward to the base of the greater trochanter; attachment point for the gluteus maximus

Question 13

gluteus maximus

Answer 13

• Proximal Attachment: Ilium and sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
• Distal Attachment: Iliotibial tract and proximal femur
• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
• Action: Extends thigh and assists in lateral rotation

Question 14

gluteus medius

Answer 14

• Proximal Attachment: Lateral surface of ilium
• Distal Attachment: Greater trochanter of the femur
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
• Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 15

gluteus minimus

Answer 15

-Proximal Attachment: Lateral surface of ilium
-Distal Attachment: Greater trochanter of the femur
-Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 16

Piriformis

Answer 16

• Proximal Attachment: Anterior surface of the sacrum
• Distal Attachment: Greater trochanter
• Innervation: Nerve to the piriformis
• Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Question 17

obturator internus

Answer 17

• Proximal Attachment: Obturator foramen and obturator membrane
• Distal Attachment: Greater trochanter
• Innervation: Nerve to the obturator internus
• Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Question 18

superior gamellus

Answer 18

• Proximal Attachment: ischial spine
• Distal Attachment: Greater trochanter
• Innervation: nerve to the obturator internus
• Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Question 19

inferior gamellus

Answer 19

• Proximal Attachment: ischial tuberosity
• Distal Attachment: Greater trochanter
• Innervation: nerve to the quadratus femoris
• Action: Laterally rotate thigh

Question 20

quadratus femoris

Answer 20

• Proximal Attachment: Ischial tuberosity
• Distal Attachment: intertrochanteric crest
• Innervation: nerve to the quadratus femoris
• Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Question 21

superior gluteal artery and vein

Answer 21

• enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle; under cover of the gluteus maximus it divides into branches that supply muscles of the buttock

Question 22

superior gluteal nerve

Answer 22

• (L4,5, S1)) passes through the greater sciatic foramen immediately superior to the piriformis muscle. It passes between the gluteus medius and minimus and supplies both of those muscles as well as the tensor fasciae latae

Question 23

inferior gluteal artery and vein

Answer 23

• enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle and descends on the medial side of the sciatic nerve; supplies muscles of the buttock and back of thigh

Question 24

inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 24

• (L5, S1,2) traverses the greater sciatic foramen just inferior to the piriformis muscle and supplies the gluteus maximus

Question 25

sciatic nerve

Answer 25

• L4,5,S1,2,3 segments of the sacral plexus
  Emerges from greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle
• Will divide into:
  Tibial nerve (nerve of the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar foot)
  AND
  Common fibular nerve (nerve of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg)

Question 26

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 26

• usually be seen passing vertically down the posterior midline of the thigh; it was cut from its distal target (the skin) when the posterior thigh was skinned and will likely appear as a free hanging nerve