MSK, ANTERIOR AND MEDIAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE THIGH

Question 1

femoral triangle

Answer 1

superior border: inguinal ligament
lateral border: sartorius muscle
medial border: adductor longus

Question 2

femoral nerve

Answer 2

arises from the ventral rami of spinal nerves L2-L4

Question 3

femoral artery

Answer 3

supplies the leg, thigh, and foot

Question 4

femoral vein

Answer 4

accompanies the femoral artery; the great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein on its way back to the heart

Question 5

lymph nodes of the femoral triangle

Answer 5

the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 6

femoral sheath

Answer 6

an extension of the transversalis fascia into the thigh that envelops the proximal end of the femoral artery and femoral vein and some deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 7

femoral canal

Answer 7

medial compartment of the femoral sheath that contains efferent lymphatic vessels and and a lymph node

Question 8

femoral ring

Answer 8

the femoral ring is the base of the femoral canal

Question 9

sartorius

Answer 9

Proximal Attachment: ASIS
Distal Attachment: Medial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg at knee joint

Question 10

adductor longus

Answer 10

Proximal Attachment: Pubic bone
Distal Attachment: Linea aspera of the femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Adducts thigh

Question 11

deep artery of the thigh

Answer 11

the deep artery of the thigh courses parallel to the femoral artery but posterior to the adductor longus muscle; the deep artery of the thigh supplies the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh

Question 12

lateral circumflex femoral artery

Answer 12

the lateral circumflex femoral artery usually arises from the deep artery of the thigh very close to the femoral artery. The lateral circumflex femoral artery passes laterally, deep to the proximal end of the rectus femoris muscle, and supplies the muscles and soft tissues of the lateral part of the thigh. It has three branches: ascending branch, transverse branch, and the descending branch (goes all the way down to the knee)

Question 13

medial circumflex femoral artery

Answer 13

arises from the deep femoral artery to supply the hip and medial thigh; has ascending and descending branches

Question 14

pectineus

Answer 14

Proximal Attachment: Pubis
Distal Attachment: Pectineal line of femur
Innervation: Femoral nerve; may get a twig from obturator nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh

Question 15

iliopsoas

Answer 15

combination of the psoas major and the iliacus at their inferior ends

Proximal Attachment: they both arise outside of the thigh area
Distal Attachment: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-3) [psoas major]; Femoral nerve [iliacus]
Action: Flexes thigh

Question 16

adductor canal

Answer 16

a fascial compartment located deep to the sartorius muscle that conducts the femoral artery and vein through the inferior part of the thigh. The adductor canal begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus, which is located just above the knee

Question 17

adductor hiatus

Answer 17

the femoral artery and vein pass through the adductor magnus muscle to reach the popliteal fossa in the back of the knee; this opening in the adductor magnus muscle is the adductor hiatus–the femoral artery moves distally through the adductor hiatus, where its name changes to popliteal artery

Question 18

saphenous nerve

Answer 18

arises from the femoral nerve; it travels with the great saphenous vein and supplies the skin of the medial leg

Question 19

rectus femoris muscle

Answer 19

Proximal Attachment: AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)
Distal Attachment: Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Action: Extend legs / flexes thigh

Question 20

vastus lateralis muscle

Answer 20

Proximal Attachment: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Distal Attachment: Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend leg

Question 21

vastus medialis muscle

Answer 21

Proximal Attachment: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
Distal Attachment: Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend leg

Question 22

vastus intermedius muscle

Answer 22

Proximal Attachment: Shaft of the femur
Distal Attachment: Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend leg

Question 23

tensor fasciae latae muscle

Answer 23

Proximal Attachment: anterior superior iliac spine
Distal Attachment: iliotibial tract
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Action: abduct/medially rotate thigh

Question 24

iliotibial tract (IT Band)

Answer 24

Proximal Attachment: tensor fasciae latae muscle
Distal Attachment: tibia
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Action: tenses the fasciae latae; abduction, flexion, and internal rotation at the hip joint

Question 25

gracilis

Answer 25

Proximal Attachment: Pubic bone
Distal Attachment: Medial condyle of tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2,3)
Action: Adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially

Question 26

adductor brevis

Answer 26

Proximal Attachment: Pubic bone
Distal Attachment: Pectineal line and linea aspera of the femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Adducts thigh

Question 27

obturator nerve

Answer 27

the obturator nerve arises from the ventral rami of the spinal nerves L2-L4; it supplies the muscles of the medial thigh and skin of the distal medial thigh; passes through the obturator canal and has anterior and posterior branches

Question 28

adductor magnus muscle

Answer 28

Proximal Attachment: Adductor part- ischiopubic ramus; hamstring part- ischial tuberosity
Distal Attachment: Adductor part- shaft of the femur; hamstring part- adductor tubercle of the femur
Innervation: adductor part- obturator nerve; hamstring part- tibial division of sciatic nerve
Action: adductor part- adducts and flexes the thigh; hamstring part- adducts and extends the thigh