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AS / OS Paces RT > MSK core > Flashcards

MSK core Flashcards

1
Q

ant shoulder disloc

A

abducted and externally rotated (inverse = P)

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2
Q

biceps rupture

A

Popeye

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3
Q

high arc pain abduction

A

AC joint pathology

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4
Q

middle arc pain

A

rotator cuff pathology

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5
Q

pain on passive joint movement

A

more joint than muscle issue

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6
Q

testing serratus anterior

A

scapular winging

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7
Q

testing supraspinatous

A

resisted empty can

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8
Q

testing infraspinatous/teres minor

A

resisted external rotation

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9
Q

testing subscapulais

A

lumbar handpushback

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10
Q

impingement syndrome

A

supraspinatous tendonitis (painful empty can/Hawkin’s test) -> physio, steroid inj, arthroscope

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11
Q

rotator cuff tears

A

SS wasting, weak abduction -> cons or surgical repair

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12
Q

adhesive capsulitis

A

– frozen shoulder – severe pain then persistent stiffness, lost active+passive ROM in all directions -> pain relief /steroid then long physio

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13
Q

persistent instability disloc

A

Persistently unstable shoulder disloc – MRI arthrogram and surgical repair

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14
Q

OA shoulder

A
  • painful movement restriction all directions, steroids + analgesia
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15
Q

olecranon bursitis

A

– localised boggy swelling over elbow, ROM intact

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16
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

– tennis elbow – repetitive strain – pain on resisted wrist extension, rest the arm

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17
Q

medial epicondylitis

A

golfers – pain on resisted wrist flexion

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18
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

A

– from elbow leaning – ulnar nerve entrapped

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19
Q

varus / valgus force

A

apply valgus force, press on Lateral side. Medial for varus F.

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20
Q

Heb/Bouch node

A

Heberden’s nodes DIP, Bouchard nodes PIP

OA

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21
Q

Rheum vs others keys dif

A

no distal hand joints

DIPs NO!

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22
Q

RA

A

low of guttering, swan neck deformity, boutonniere, Z thumb, ulnar deviation, palmar MCP subluxation

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23
Q

psoriatic hand changes

A

more distal arthritis, less symm?

notice NAILS

onycholysis
pitting

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24
Q

trigger finger

A

MCP bump with triggering on palpation

catches on extensoin

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25
tender radial styloid
De Quervain’s tenosynovitis (do Finkelstein’s)
26
dactylitis
sausage finger = seronegative spondyloarthropathy
27
squaring at base of thumb
OA
28
RA full summary
chronic autoimmune disorder leading to a SYMMETRICAL DEFORMING POLYARTHROPATHY. synovitis, bony deformities as you know, palmar erythema, muscle wasting, loss of ROM, sublux. DIP joints spared NSAIDs, steroids, DMARDs, surgery
29
OA hand summary
mechanical joint degradation with degen of art cart. joint crepitus, lower ROM, bony defromities analgesia, steroid injections, physio/splints, surgery
30
carpal tunnel syndrome summary
median nerve entrapment neuropathy due to compression intermittent pins and needles, pain/burning and numbness of thumb, worse at night loss ofpower, wasting of thenar eminence, sensory loss median zone splints, steroid inject, CT decomp surgry
31
trigger finger summary
thickening of flexor tendon sheath causing entrapment at the pulley near the MCP discomfort or bump at base of digit causing catching or cliking during extension splints, NSAIDs, steroids, rsrugical release
32
spine percussion tenderness
serious pathology e.g. cancers, osteomyelitis, compressoin fracture
33
lost lumbar lordosis
= in pain or spondylolistehesis
34
special spine tests
– Schober’s, chest circumference expansion, femoral nerve stretch test, straight leg raise, sacroiliac stress test
35
OA spine
OA of spine stiff for <30 mins in morning, no neuro signs
36
ank spond
spond stiff >30 mins, reduced ROM all directions
37
sciatica
nerve root impinged, pain radiates down leg on SLR
38
cauda equina summary
compression of c e nerves - lower back pain, urinary retention, perianal numbness, reduced anal tone MRI emergency and surgical decompression
39
Trendelenberg +ve
Trendelenberg +ve if the hip off the ground dips rather than raises
40
NOF o/e
shortened,externally rotated leg NOF#
41
unequal leg lenght
unequal leg length spinal or pelvic deformity freacture
42
torch bursitis
trochanteric bursitis tenderness on trochanter palpation, can’t lie on that side
43
OA hip
OA hip lose internal rotation early, pain and reduced ROM, T+T tests +ve
44
Thomas test +ve
Thomas test +ve contralateral thigh forced off the bed with passive flexion of other hip without lumbar lordosis reduction
45
valgus knees
valgus knees feet splayed out
46
varus knees
bow legged Rickets = vaRus
47
ACL teaer
ACL tear twisting injury with pop + imm swelling, can’t examine too painful, increased laxity on anterior drawer test – do physio or surgery
48
PCL tear
PCL tear high energy trauma, often assoc injuries, posterior sag – physio/surg
49
meniscal tear
Meniscal tear torn in twisting, hours later selling, sharp localised pain worse on hyperflexion / twisting, locking or giving way of knee, good ROM, +ve McMurr, MRI or athroscopy investigation then arthroscopic surgery
50
collateral lig tear
Collateral lig tears varus laxity or valgus laxity (medial lig), effusion, tender, rest physio and brace
51
knee OA
knee OA pain and stiffness, reduced ROM, crepitus
52
prepatellar bursitis
prepatellar bursitis local patellar swelling, kneeling a lot, normal ROM, steroid/rest/NSAID househusband's knee ;'(
53
recall knee special tests
Knee special tests posterior sag, anterior drawer, collateral stress tests, McMurr
54
pes planus
Pes planus – flat foot – loss of medial arch, flexible flat foot normal toddlers. Rigid in adults = tarsal coalition or tib posterior tendon rupture SEs
55
hallux valugs
hallux valgus – lateral angulation of big toe, older women, medial MTP pain and bunions – osteotomy, fusion, footwear
56
gout
gout – monoarthropathy – ms urate crystals, hyperuric. V painful hot red joint. MTP common. NSAID, colchicine. Prevent – allopurinol, less rich diet, stop thiazide/loop diuretics
57
Achilles rupture
achilles rupture – kicked in back of leg while running e.g can’t plantar flex, Simmond’s +ve
58
charcot foot
charcot foot pain free joint destruction from minor trauma – diabetic feet – gross deformity – educate, treat cause, podiatry + cast/boot
59
morton neuroma
Morton neuroma – benign, between metatarsals, ‘walking on a marble’
60
lateral ligament sprain ankle
ateral lig sprain inversion injury – ant talofib lig injury, physio and splin
61
syndesmosis injury
syndesmosis (high ankle sprain) external rotation and usually fractured too, surgical fixation
62
toe deformities
flexed PIP joints (hammer), flexed DIP (mallet), flexed PIP+DIP (claw toes)
63
osteoarthritis RFs and summary
osteoarthritis RFs age, obesity, FH, female, sports (primary), joint damage / inflamm disorder, metabolic disease (2nd ) inv – exclude other causes with CXR, FBC/ESR/CRP. Cons – exercise, physio, lose wt, footwear, pain ladder analgesia, steroid inject, replace the joint
64
osteoarthritis x ray findings
loss of joint space osteophytes subchondral sclerosis subhondral cysts
65
gout RFs, treatment summary and assoc probs
gout RF = CKD, male, diet, diuretics, obese. 2 weeks of monoarthritis. Can get tophi + kidney stones. Uric acid levels, aspirate -ve brief needles (pseudo = +ve rhomboids), XR. Allopurinol caution – first 3 months do NSAID/colchicine, then start allopurinol as can trigger an episode otherwise. Febuxostat if can’t have allopurinol
66
rheum arth summary and extra articular manifestations | treatment pathway
rheumatoid arthritis symmetrical deforming polyarthropathy. Extra articular features – ACD, dry eyes, LNs, osteoporosis, pleurisy+fibrosis+effusions, nodules, pericardial effusion, Felty’s, Raynaud’s, vasculitis. DAS28 severity score. 1. Pred for remission 2. DMARDs maintain 3. NSAIDs symptom relief. Physio/OT. Infliximab instead can.
67
classic rheum arth x ray
loss of joint space soft tissue swellin periarticular osteopenia marginal erossions
68
ank spond o/e
question mark posture sacroiliac joint tender Schober's failed night pain relieved by exercise radiates to hips morning stiffness fever, wt loss, fatigue
69
ank spond extra articular
bamboo signs MRI better for dx thanX RAY exercise/physio then NSAIDs then TNF a blocker e.g. etancercept

AS / OS Paces RT (11 decks)

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