Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AS / OS Paces RT > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

metallic click

A

mechanical valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signs of vein harvest on legs

A

coronary artery bypass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

old cardiac scar and young pt

A

congential probelmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cardiac causes of clubbing

A

infective endocarditis
congential cyanotic heart disease (Fallot, TGV)
rare: atrial myxoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

collapsing pulse

A

atrial regurg
thyrotoxic
pregnant
anaemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

absent radial pulse

A

trauma, clot, coarctation, Takayasu, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

impalpable apex beat

A

COPD, obese, pericardial effusion, wrong sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pulmonary hypertension

A

raised JVP, parasternal heave, pulsatile HSM, asites, oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

heart sounds summary

A

s1 mitral valve closing
s2 aortic valve closing
s3 left ventricular filling
s4 atrial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

for completion in a cardio station

A

check the obs, the drug chart and perform an ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

presenting a cardio exam

A 
on peripheral inspection
the pulse was 
on examining the precordium
significant negatives 
differentials 
history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cardiac history key questions

A

sOB, chest pain, palpitations, LOC
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, orthopnoea
screen FLAWs for IE
screen risk - smoking, diabetes, lipids, HTN, FH
screen rhematic fever as a child
check drugs for indication of probs e.g. antiplatelets, statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cardiac blood panel

A

FBC, UE, NTproBNP, fasting lipids and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cardiac CXR

A

check cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema, valve calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cardiac echo

A

diagnosis, valve function, left ventiruclar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cardiac catherisation

A

to evaluate coroanres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

general cardiac managment

A

MDT approach - GP, cardio, dietician, specialist nurse

optimise risk - sort lipids, BP, diabetes, clotting

regular monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aortic stenosis exam signs full summary

A 
slow rising pulse
narrow pulse pressure < 30mmHg
aortic thrill 
apex forceful
end systolic murmur with carotid radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

significant negatives to identify with aortic stenosis

A

rule out infective endocarditis signs
rule out left ventricular failure signs, oedema etc
check indicators of severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

differentials for aortic stenosis

A

if young, consider HOCM (Valsalva increases murmur,, squatting decreases)

if older, consider MR, aortic sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes of aortic stenosis

A

old age valve calcification
bicuspid valve
rhematic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 symptoms of severe aortic stenosis

A

angina
syncope
dyspnoea

half die in 5 years or less with these alongside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

investigations if you identify aortic stenosis

A 
ECG, 
FBC, UE, NT proBNP, lipids, glucose 
CXR
echo
coronary angiogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

management of aortic stensois

A

MDT approach, optimise CVD risk (statins, antiHTN, manage DM, antiplatelet)
regular monitoring

surgical valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3 surgical options for aortic stenosis
symptoms bad = valve replacement +/- CABG TAVI - transcatheter aortic valve implant balloon valuloplasty
26
investigation findings in AS ECG, CXR, echo
ECG  LVH  Arrhythmias CXR  Calcified AV  LVH  Pulmonary oedema ``` Echo + Doppler  Severity  Cause: Bicuspid valve, thick calcified cusps  LV function  Other valve function ```
27
echo findings severe AS
Echo Features of Severe AS (AHA 2006)  Valve area <1cm2  Pressure gradient >40mmHg  Jet velocity >4m/s
28
mitral regurg on examinaton
o/e: left parasternal heave, displaced apex, soft S1, pansystolic murmur loudest in left axilla severe: LVF, AF present
29
mitral regurg DDx
Aortic stenosis (loudest carotids) Ventricular septal defect Tricuspid regurgitation
30
mitral regurg inv
Cardiac bluds ECG – LVH, p mitrale, arryt CXR – large L heart, calc, oedema Echo – assess severity, EF Cardiac angio - assess coronaries pre surg
31
mitral regurg manage
MDT Specialist nurse Secondary prevention Regular echo Treat AF Replace valve pre structural changes Open replace Annuloplasty
32
causes of mitral regurg
Causes - Secondary to HTN – LV dilatation Calcification Rheumatic heart disease MV prolapse
33
severity on echo mitral regurg
 Jet width >0.6cm  Systolic pulmonary flow reversal  Regurgitant volume >60ml
34
aortic regurg signs and severity
Quincke’s sign – visible nailbed pulsation Corrigan’s sign – visible carotid pulse Collapsing pulse,wide PP Displaced apex High pitched end systolic murmur, louder leaning Severe: collapsing pulse, LVF, wide pulse P
35
aortic regurg DDx
Mitral Stenosis Pulmonary Regurgitation Tricuspid Stenosis
36
aortic regurg investigations
Cardiac bluds+ inflamm blds ECG – left strain, lateral T wave invert CXR – large heart, oedema Echo – assess severity, EF Cardiac angio - assess coronaries pre surg
37
aortic regurg management
MDT Specialist nurse Secondary prevention Regular echo Replace valve – TAVI, open Replace valve pre structural changes
38
aortic regurg causes
Causes – Bicuspid aortic valve Rheumatic fever Autoimmune – ankspond, RA Connective tissue disease Acutely - infective endocarditis
39
mitral stenosis signs and severity
o/e: AF, left parasternal heave, tapping apex, loud S1, rumbling MDM, radiates to axilla Severe: malar flush, LVF
40
mitral stenosis DDx
Aortic Regurgitation Pulmonary Regurgitation Tricuspid Stenosis
41
mitral stenosis inv
Cardiac bluds ECG – LVH, p mitrale, CXR – LA hypertrophy, splayed carina, calc valve, oedem Echo – assess severity, EF Cardiac angio - assess coronaries pre surg
42
mitral stenosis management
MDT Specialist nurse Secondary prevention Regular echo Treat AF RF prophylaxis Pen V Valvuloplasty Replace
43
mitral stenosis causes
only really rheumatic fever
44
impalpable apex beat
dextrocardia, obese, pericardial effusion, emphysema
45
hyperdynamic circulation
– regurgitation, thyrotoxicosis, anaemia
46
clubbing in cardio exam
cyanotic congenital heart disease
47
Osler's node
painful purple fingertip papules
48
Janeway lesions
red macules on palms
49
irregular rhythm
– irregularly = AF, flutter, ectopics regularly = 2nd deg heart block
50
radio radial delay
dissection/aneurysm
51
radio femoral delay
coarctation, which is an aortic narrowing
52
collapsing pulse
AR or high output state
53
pulse pressure changes
diff between DBP and SBP wide=AR, narrow=AS
54
malar flush and eye signs
Malar flush – MitralSten Eyes - pallor, arcus, xanthelasma
55
mouth signs cardio exam
cyanosis under tongue, poor hygiene, high arched palate = Marfan’s
56
raised JVP cardio
PO + pulmHTN, PE, PS, pericardial effusion, SVCO, tamponade, TR
57
sustained JVP rise on hepjug reflex
RVF
58
apex nature
– thrusting + displaced = regurg + dilatation, heaving and preserved =stenosis + hypertrophy
59
parasternal heave
RVH due to pulm HTN
60
thrills on palpation
strong murmur, often AS over aortic valve ausc zone
61
s4
atrial gallop atrium working against hypertrophied and stiff ventricle LVH, HTN, AS
62
soft s1
severe heart failure or MR
63
loud s1
high atrial pressure tachycardia or MS/AF
64
soft s2
AS, PS
65
loud s2
pulm HTN, general HTN
66
s3
ventricular gallop hyperdynamic or LVF
67
aortic stensosis full summary (character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes)
character - ejection systolic radiates to carotids (+apex) LV hypertrophy due to resistance from narrowed valve exertional dyspnoea then angina then syncope (v bad sign) ``` slow rising pulse narrow pulse pressure heaving apex soft S2 LVF signs possible depending on severity (s3, Pulmonary oedema) ``` causes - age + calcification, bicuspid arotic valve e.g. Turner's, congenital, rheumatic heart disease
68
aortic sclerosis full summary (character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes)
ejection systolic NO RADIATION hard and inflexible valve, not narrowed! no other signs senile calcification
69
mitral regurgitation full summary | character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes
pansystolic murmur radiates to left axilla LV +LA dilatation due to backflow, also pulmHTN LVF signs - SOB, orthopnea, PND, fatigue, palpitations signs incl AF, displaced thrusting apex, soft s1, pulm HTN signs (RV heave, loud S2), LVF signs (PO, s3) causes: LEAFLETS Endocarditis, prolapse, RF, conn tissue ANNULUS Secondary to HTN – LV dilatation Calcification CHORDAE/PAPILLAE Pap rupture, fibrosis (postMI), infiltration
70
mitral valve prolapse full summary | character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes
mid systolic click atypical chest pain isolated murmur with no other signs conn tissue and other diseases
71
ventricular septal defect full summary | character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes
panstyolic loud machinery like murmur leakage between ventricles pulm HTN signs (RV heave, loud s2) acutely may cause cardiogenic shock in babby causes: either congenital or post MI acute complication!
72
tricuspid regurgitation full summary (character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes)
pansystolic (diff to MR because louder on inspiration with massive JVP and apex preserved) fatigue, hepatic pain, ascites, peripheral oedema (as right sided backflow) giant v waves JVP backflow signs pulm HTN signs causes: RV dilation from pulmHTN and chronic lung or valve disease may be IE if drugs or rheumatic HD
73
mitral stenosis full summary (character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes)
low rumbling mid diastolic murmur with opening snap heard best with bell in apex on side get pulm HTN, SOB, cough up blood, chest pain malar flush, tapping apex, AF, loud s1, RV heave rheumamtic heart disease only
74
aortic regurgitation full summary(character, radiation, pathology, symptoms, signs, causes)
early diastolic fatigue SOB palps ``` collapsing pulse wide PP very displaced apex Corrigan's - visible carotid de Musset - head bobbing Quinkces' red nail pulse ``` causes acute= inf endocarditis, aortic dissection chronic = connective tissue disease, rheumatic HD, long term HTN

AS / OS Paces RT (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions