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MSK anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What Thick connective tissue forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor Retinaculum

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2
Q

What 3 structures make up the carpal tunnel

A

9 tendons
synovial sheaths
median nerve

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3
Q

How many tendons are there in the carpal tunnel and give their name

A

9 in total
The tendon of flexor pollicis longus
Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the synovial sheath surrounding tendons of the carpal tunnel

A

These sheaths allow free movement of the tendons.

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5
Q

Name the bones in proximal row of the carpus from lateral to medial

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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6
Q

Name the bones in distal row of the carpus from lateral to medial

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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7
Q

How are the metacarpal numbered

A

Thumb is 1

Little finger is 5

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8
Q

How are the phalanges of the fingers named

A

Distal
Middle
proximal

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9
Q

How are the phalanges of the thumb named

A

Distal

Proximal

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10
Q

What prevents the ulna articulating with the carpal bones

A

Articulate disc

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11
Q

What joint lies between the distal row of carpal bones and proximal parts of metacarpals

A

Carpometacarpal joints

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12
Q

What joints lie between the distal parts of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints

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13
Q

What joints lie between the phalanges

A

Interphalangeal jounts

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14
Q

What are the 2 different interphalangeal joints in the fingers

A

Proximal interphalangeal - between proximal and middle

Distal interphalangeal - between middle and distal

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15
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence and what innervates them

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Opponens Pollicis

Innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve

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16
Q

How do the different muscles of the thenar eminence act on the thumb and what is there insertion

A

APB - abduction, proximal phalanx. (lateral aspect)

FPB - flexion, proximal phalanx

OP - opposition, 1st metacarpal

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17
Q

What is the name of the deep fascia that surround the thigh

A

Fascia lata

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18
Q

What muscles does the anterior part of the thigh contain

A

Quadriceps femoris - group of four large muscles
Sartorius
Illiopsoas
Pectineus

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19
Q

What are the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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20
Q

What is the rectus femoris attached to proximally

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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21
Q

What are the functions of the quadriceps femoris

A

Prime extensor of the knee

Rectus femoris also contributes to flexion at hip

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22
Q

Describe the position of sartorius in the anterior thigh

A

Lies superficially

It attaches proximally at the ASIS and inserts on the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. It crosses both the hip and knee joints.

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23
Q

Function of the sartorius

A

It flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and can flex the knee joint.

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24
Q

What is the prime flexor of the hip joint

A

Illiopsoas

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25
Where does pectineus attach proximally and distally
It attaches proximally at the superior pubic ramus and distally on the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter
26
Function of pectineus
Flex and adduct hip joint
27
What is the iliotibial band
a thickening of the lateral part of the fascia lata. It attaches to the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia and is important for stabilising the knee joint.
28
Give the names and functions of the muscles that make up the medial part of the thigh
``` Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus ``` Adductors of the hip
29
What nerve innervates the muscles of the medial thigh compartment
Obturator nerve | L2-4
30
What are the 2 parts of the adductor Magnus | Give their attachments
Adductor - attaches to inferior pubis ramus and linea aspera Hamstring - attaches to ischial tuberosity and adductor tubercle
31
What is the adductor hiatus and what travels through it to enter the posterior thigh
The adductor hiatus is a gap formed between the distal attachments of the two parts of adductor magnus. The femoral artery and vein travel through the adductor hiatus to enter the posterior thigh
32
What is the most medial muscle of the medial compartment | What does it attach to
Gracillis | It attaches to the pubic bone and the medial aspect of the tibia.
33
Function of the obturator externus
It stabilises and laterally rotates the hip joint.
34
How do the femoral artery, vein and nerve lie relative to each other in the femoral triangle?
Nerve is most lateral Vein is most medial Artery lies between them
35
What are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle
lateral - formed by the medial border of sartorius medial - formed by the lateral border of adductor longus superior - formed by the inguinal ligament
36
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle
Laterally - iliopsoas | Medially - pectineus
37
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh
Femoral nerve
38
What does the saphenous nerve innervate
branch of femoral nerve | Innervates anterior thigh and anteromedial leg
39
What innervates the hamstring part of adductor Magnus
Tibial nerve
40
What are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae
41
What are the attachments of the gluteus maximus
Posterior surface of ilium Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrum
42
Where do fibres of the gluteus maximus insert
Iliotibial tract - most | Gluteal tuberosity - smaller proportion
43
Functions of the gluteus maximus
extensor of the hip and is important for standing from a sitting position acts as a lateral rotator of the hip. stabilises the knee joint.
44
What are the attachments and insertions of the gluteus medius and minimus
Attach to anterior parts of the posterior surface of the ilium They both insert onto the greater trochanter.
45
Function of the gluteus medius and minimus
they abduct and medially rotate the hip
46
Attachment and insertion of tensor fascia latae
attached to the ASIS and inserts into the iliotibial band, which itself inserts onto the lateral part of the proximal tibia.
47
Function of TFL
contraction of the muscle tenses the fascia lata and the iliotibial band. It stabilises the knee when it is extended and it also flexes the hip joint, but is not a prime mover.
48
What innervates the gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
49
What innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and TFL
Superior gluteal nerve
50
Describe the root of the gluteal nerves
Leave the sacral plexus in the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen
51
What are the deep gluteal muscle
Piriformis The superior and inferior gemelli Obturator internus Quadratus femoris
52
What does the sciatic nerve divide into
Tibial and common peroneal nerves in the posterior thigh
53
What are the functions of the deep gluteal muscles
Primarily stabilise and laterally rotates hip joint
54
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
55
What is the innervation to the anterior part of the leg
Deep peroneal nerve
56
Function of the muscles of the anterior part of the leg
Primarily act as dorsiflexors of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toe
57
Where does the extensor hallucis longus insert
Distal phalanx of the big toe
58
Where does the tibialis anterior insert
Medial cuneiform
59
Where do the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus insert
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
60
What innervates the muscles of the lateral part of the leg
Superficial peroneal nerve
61
What are the 2 muscles of the lateral part of leg
``` Peroneus longus (fibularis longus) Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis) ```
62
Function of muscles in the lateral part of the leg
Evert the foot at the subtalar joint
63
Where does the peroneus longus insert
It inserts onto the plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone.
64
Where does the peroneus brevis insert
inserts onto the base of the 5th metatarsal.
65
Innervation of pectoral is major
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
66
Innervation of pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral nerve
67
Origin of pectoralis minor
Ribs 3-5
68
Insertion of the pectoralis minor
Coracoid process of scapula
69
Innervation of serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
70
Function of the Serratus anterior
Rotates scapula to allow arm abduction and holds the scapula against the ribcage
71
When are the radius and ulnar parallel
Supination
72
Innervation of latissimus Dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
73
What upper limb muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
Levator scapulae | Rhomboid
74
What innervates deltoids
Axillary nerve
75
Origins of deltoids | CAS
Clavicle Acromion Spine
76
What innervates the supra and infra spinatus
Suprascapular nerve
77
Function of supraspinatus
Abduction of arm 0-15 degrees
78
Attachments of rotator cuff muscles
79
What muscle abducts the shoulder between 15-90 degrees
Deltoids
80
What muscle abducts the shoulder above 90 degrees
Serratus anterior | Trapezius
81
What nerve has all nerve roots in them
Radial nerve
82
What bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries
Brachial arteries
83
What are the superficial veins of the arm
Median cubital - inside of elbow Median antebrachial Cephalic - head of arm Basilic - base of arm
84
What innervates the anterior upper arm muscles
Musculocutaneous
85
What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior arm
Biceps brachii- long and short head
86
Function of anterior upper arm muscles
Biceps brachii - flexion of forearm at elbow and flexion of arm at shoulder. Supination Coracobrachialis - flexion of arm at shoulder
87
Function of brachialis
Flexion of forearm at elbow
88
Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to median | Hint: Really need beer to be at my nicest
Radial nerve Biceps tendon Brachial artery Median nerve
89
What does the anterior crucial ligament stop
The forward movement of the tibia
90
Which bone of the foot supports all the body weight
Talus
91
4 muscles of posterior thigh
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Hamstrung part of adductor Magnus
92
Innervations to the short head of biceps femoris
Common peroneal

Phase 1 Cram (12 decks)

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