MSK 6 - Lower Limb Flashcards
1
Q
what are the four regions of the lower limb
A
gluteal, thigh, leg, foot
2
Q
what is the general purpose of the lower limb
A
support body weight, enable locomotion, maintain balance
3
Q
What and where is the greater trochanter of the femur
A
ridge on the superior proximal femur, lateral, opposite the head
4
Q
what and where is the lesser trochanter of the femur
A
medial on proximal femur below the head
5
Q
what is the linea aspera
A
ridge down the posterior femur
6
Q
what type of joint is the hip joint
A
ball and socket synovial
7
Q
what articulates at the hip joint
A
acetabulum and head of femur
8
Q
what are the ligaments / muscles that support the hip joint
A
iliofemoral ligament (anterior, strongest), posterior ligament (weaker, posterior), deep gluteal muscles
9
Q
what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament
A
anterior support of hip joint, prevents hyperextension when standing
10
Q
what part of which bone is fractured in a hip fracture
A
neck of femur
11
Q
attachments of the gluteal region
A
pelvic girdle
femur
12
Q
action of the gluteal region
A
superficial: extension and abduction at the hip
deep: lateral rotation at the hip
13
Q
innervation of the gluteal region
A
superficial: gluteal nn
deep: sacral plexus
14
Q
attachment gluteus maximus m
A
coccyx, sacrum, ilium
iliotibilal (IT) tract)
15
Q
action gluteus maximus m
A
extension of hip
16
Q
innervation gluteus maximus m
A
inferior gluteal n
17
Q
attachment gluteus medius and minimus m
A
ilium
greater trochanter of femur
18
Q
action gluteus medius and minimus m
A
abduction at hip
19
Q
innervation gluteus medius and minimus m
A
superior gluteal n
20
Q
attachment piriformis m
A
sacrum
greater trochanter
21
Q
action piriformis m
A
lateral rotation at hip
22
Q
innervation piriformis m
A
sacral plexus
23
Q
attachment medial compartment of thigh (proximal)
A
pubis
24
Q
action medial compartment of thigh
A
adduction at hip
25
innervation medial compartment of thigh
obturator n
26
attachment gracilis m
pubis
tibia
27
action gracilis m
adduction at hip, flexion at knee
28
innervation gracilis m
obturator n
29
attachment adductor longus m
pubis
linea aspera
30
action adductor longus m
adduction at hip
31
innervation adductor longus m
obturator n
32
attachment adductor magnus m
adductor part: pubic
hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
linea aspera
33
action adductor magnus m
adductor part: adduction at hip
hamstring part: extension at hip
34
innervation adductor magnus m
adductor part: obturator n
hamstring part: sciatic n
35
how to distinguish the anterior and posterior views of the distal femur
posterior view you can see the condyles
36
how to distinguish the medial and lateral views of the distal femur
medial side is larger
37
the fibular is medial or lateral to the tibia
lateral
38
where are the condyles of the femur
distal
39
where are the condyles of the tib/fib
proximal
40
how does the common fibular nerve course in relation to the fibula
around the neck of the fibula
41
what type of joint in the knee
modified hinge, synovial
42
what articulates at the knee
medial condyles of femur and tibia, lateral condyles of femur and tibia
patella lined posteriorly with thick articular cartilage
43
what are the fibrocartilage supports of the knee joint
medial and lateral meniscus
44
describe the shape and mobility of the medial and lateral meniscus of the knee
medial: less mobile
lateral: nearly circular, smaller
45
what are the intracapcular ligament supports of the knee
ACL PCL
46
what is the function of the ACL
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia
47
what is the function of the PCL
prevents posterior displacement of the tibia
48
what are the collateral ligament supports of the knee
F/LCL and T/MCL
49
describe the strength and attachment of the LCL
strong, cord like, separated from lateral miniscus
50
describe the strength and attachment of the MCL
weaker, attached to medial meniscus
51
what are the tendon supports of the knee
patellar tendon
52
describe the location and attachments of the patella
distal part of the quadriceps femoris tendon, from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
53
which three supportive structures might be injured with a lateral blow to the knee (terrible triad)
MCL, medial meniscus, ACL
54
action of the anterior compartment of the thigh
flexion at hip extension at knee
55
innervation anterior compartment of the thigh
femoral n
56
attachment iliopsoas m
lumbar vertebrae and ilium
lesser trochanter of femur
57
action iliopsoas m
flexion at hip
58
innervation iliopsoas m
lumbar plexus
59
attachment sartorius m
ilium
tibia medial
60
action sartorius m
flexion at hip
flexion at knee
61
innervation sartorius m
femoral n
62
attachment quadriceps femoris m
rectus femoris: ilium
other heads: femur
tibial tuberosity
63
action quadriceps femoris m
rector femoris: flexion at hip
extension at knee
64
innervation quadriceps femoris m
femoral n
65
attachment (proximal) posterior compartment of thigh
ischial tuberosity
66
action posterior compartment of thigh
extension at hip flexion at knee
67
innervation posterior compartment of thigh
sciatic n
68
attachment semitendinosus m
ischial tuberosity
tibia (medial)
69
action semitendinosus m
extension at hip flexion at knee
70
innervation semitendinosus m
sciatic n
71
attachment semimembranosus mm
iscial tuberosity
tibia
72
action semimembranosus mm
extension at hip flexion at knee
73
innervation semimembranosus mm
sciatic n
74
attachment biceps femoris m
ischial tuberosity
fibula
75
action biceps femoris m
extension at hip flexion at knee
76
innervation biceps femoris m
sciatic n
77
what is pes anserinus
attachment point of 3 muscles on the inner side of the knee
78
what 3 muscles attach to pes anserinus
sartoris, gracilis, semitendinosus
79
what and where is tibiofibular syndesmosis
interosseous membrane connecting the tibia and fibula, acts as an attachment site
80
where is the medial malleolus
point at medial distal tibia
81
where is the lateral malleolus
point at lateral distal fibula
82
how many tarsal bones are there
7
83
which two tarsal bones form the hindfoot
calcaneus (heel) and talus (ankle)
84
what are the 7 tarsals
calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform
85
what joints make up the ankle
talocrural joint, intertarsal joints
86
what kind of joint is talocrural
hinge, synovial
87
what kind of joint are intertarsal joints
plane / saddle
88
what actions happen at the talocrural joint
dorsi plantar flexion
89
what actions happen at the intertarsal joints
inversion and eversion
90
what are the ligament supports of the ankle joint
deltoid (medial) and lateral (3) ligaments
91
what is the attachment and function of the deltoid (medial) ligaments
large, strong that attach to the medial malleolus of tibia, stabilizes ankle during eversion
92
what is the attachment and function of the lateral ankle ligaments
attach to the lateral malleolus of fibula, stabilizes ankle during inversion
93
what are the joints of the forefoot
tarsometatarsal
metatarsophalangeal
proximal interphalangeal
distal interphalangeal
94
what type of joint is the tarsometatarsal
plane
95
what type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal
condyloid
96
what type of joint is the interphalangeal
hinge
97
action anterior compartment of leg
dorsiflexion, inversion, extension of digits
98
innervation anterior compartment of leg
deep fibular n
99
action tibialis anterior m
dorsiflexion inversion
100
innervation tibialis anterior m
deep fibular n
101
action lateral compartment of leg
eversion at ankle
102
innervation lateral compartment of leg
superficial fibular n
103
action fibularis longus m
eversion of ankle
104
innervation fibularis longus m
superficial fibular n
105
action superficial posterior compartment of leg
plantarflexion
106
innervation superficial posterior compartment of leg
tibial n
107
attachment gastrocnemius m
femur
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
108
action gastrocnemius m
flexion at knee plantarflexion at ankle
109
innervation gastrocnemius m
tibial n
110
attachment soleus m
tibia and fibula
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
111
action soleus m
planterflexion at ankle
112
innervation soleus m
tibial n
113
action deep posterior compartment of leg
planterflexion inversion flexion of digits (1-5)
114
innervation deep posterior compartment of leg
tibial n
115
what and where is the plantar aponeurosis (fascia)
fibrous sheeth on the plantar surface of the foot, attaches to calcaneus posteriorly and metatarsals anteriorly
116
what is the purpose of plantar aponeurosis
supports arch and plantar surface of foot
