MSK 3 - Head Flashcards
1
Q
What is the calvaria
A
Superior portion of the skull including parts of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones. Dome-like roof / skullcap
2
Q
What is the cranial base
A
Most inferior part of the skull. Floor
3
Q
What is the neurocranium
A
bony case of brain
4
Q
What are the two components of the neurocranium
A
Calvaria, basicranium / cranial base
5
Q
What bones make up the neurocranium
A
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid
6
Q
Where is the frontal bone
A
Unpaired, “forehead”
7
Q
Where is the parietal bone
A
Paired, over parietal lobes
8
Q
Where is the coronal / frontal suture and what bones does it unite
A
Over central sulcus, unites frontal bone and parietal bone
9
Q
Where is the sagittal suture and what bones does it unite
A
Superior midline, unites parietal bones
10
Q
Where is the occipital bone
A
Unpaired, back of skull
11
Q
Where is the lambdoid suture and what bones does it unite
A
Lambda shape at back of head, unites both parietal bones and the occipital bone
12
Q
Where is the temporal bone
A
Paired, sides of head / ear
13
Q
Where is the squamous suture and what bones does it unite
A
over lateral sulcus, unites parietal and temporal bones
14
Q
Where is the ethmoid bone
A
Unpaired, midline facial bone which divides the nasal cavity from the brain
15
Q
Where is the sphenoid bone
A
Unpaired, butterfly shaped bone forming the anterior base of the skull
16
Q
What is the pterion
A
Articulation point of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones
17
Q
What arteries travel deep to the pterion
A
Branches of the middle meningeal artery
18
Q
What is a fontanel
A
Dense connective tissue regions between incompletely ossified cranial bones in infants
19
Q
What are the two fontanels and where are they located
A
Anterior and posterior
20
Q
What is the viscerocranium
A
facial skeleton
21
Q
What bones make up the viscerocranium
A
Nasal, lacrimal, maxillae, zygomatic, mandible
22
Q
Where is the nasal bone
A
Paired, bridge of nose
23
Q
Where is the lacrimal bone
A
Paired, medial wall of the orbit
24
Q
Where is the maxillae bone
A
Paired, upper jaw / medial cheek bone
25
Where is the zygomatic bone
Paired, cheek bone
26
Where is the mandible bone
Unpaired, lower jaw
27
What are the three cranial fossae
Anterior, middle, posterior
28
What are the cranial fossae, generally
Three depressions that form the bowl at the base of the cranial cavity
29
What lobe does the anterior cranial fossa hold
Frontal
30
What lobe does the middle cranial fossa hold
Parietal
31
What part of the brain does the posterior cranial fossa hold
Cerebellum
32
What and where are the cribriform foramina
Small passageways through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
33
What does the cribriform foramina transmit
Olfactory n
34
What and where is the optical canal
Within the sphenoid bone at the posterior orbit (medial to the superior orbital fissure)
35
What does the optic canal transmit
Optic n, ophthalmic a
36
What and where is the hypophyseal fossa
Depression on the superior, medial sphenoid bone
37
What does the hypophyseal fossa hold
Pituitary gland (hypophysis
38
What and where is the superior orbital fissure
Moon shaped passage within the sphenoid bone in the posterior orbit (lateral to optic canal)
39
What does the superior orbital fissure transmit
CN III (oculomotor), CN IV (trochlear), CN V (ophthalmic division of trigeminal), CN VI (abducens)
40
What and where is the internal acoustic meatus
Bony canal connecting the inner ear to the posterior cranial fossa, within the temporal bone
41
What does the internal acoustic meatus transmit
CN VII (facial), CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
42
What and where is the jugular foramen
Formed by the temporal and occipital bones, in the posterior cranial fossa
43
What does the jugular foramen transmit
CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), CN XI (accessory), internal jugular v
44
What and where is the foramen magnum
Large passageway in the posterior cranial fossa, within the occipital bone
45
What does the foramen magnum transmit
Spinal cord, CN XI (accessory), vertebral aa
46
What and where is the external acoustic meatus
Entrance to the external ear and pathway for sound waves to reach the tympanic membrane, within the temporal bone
47
What is the petrous part (apex)
Apex part of the temporal bone that encases structures in the ear
48
What does the petrous part encase
Middle ear: ossicles
Internal ear: Cochlea and vestibular apparatus
49
What are the three auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus, stapes
50
Where does the malleus sit
within temporal bone, attaches to tympanic membrane, middle ear
51
Where does incus sit
within temporal bone, middle ossicle, middle ear
52
Where does stapes sit
within temporal bone, in oval window, middle ear
53
What is the pharyngotympanic tube
connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear
54
What and where is the mastoid process
process just posterior to external acoustic meatus on inferior portion of skul. contains mastoid air cells that connect to the middle ear
55
What bones comprise the orbit
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillae, zygomatic
56
What bone makes the superior orbit
frontal
57
what is the squamous portion of the superior orbit
forehead
58
what is the supra-orbital margin
brow ridge / boundary between squamous and orbital part
59
what is the supraorbital foramen / notch
passageway for supraorbital neurovasculature to travel
60
what bone makes up the posterior orbit
sphenoid
61
What is the function of the extrinsic eye muscles
attach to the sclera and enable eye movements
62
Name the 6 extrinsic eye muscle and their innvercation
CN III: inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique
CN VI: lateral rectus
CN IV: superior oblique
63
Which bones make up the medial orbit
Ethmoid, lacrimal
64
What is the lacrimal fossa
houses the lacrimal sac (collects and drains tears)
65
What bone makes up the floor of the orbit
maxillary bone
66
What is a blow out fracture
orbital contents can herniate into the maxillary sinus
67
what bone makes up the lateral orbit
zygomatic
68
what is the zygomatic arch
zygomatic process of temporal bone plus the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. arch on the lateral aspect of the skull
69
Through which opening do the nerves to the extraocular muscles enter the orbit
Superior orbital fissure
70
What comprises the nasal septum, and where is it
medial
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (superior), vomer (inferior), septal cartilage (anterior)
71
What comprises the nasal conchae and where is it
lateral
superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone, inferior nasal concha (paired bone)
72
What is the purpose of conchae
increases vascular and mucous membrane surface area in nasal cavity. warms moistens and humidifies air
73
What are paranasal sinuses
air-filled extensions of nasal cavity found within cranial bones and lined with mucosa. each sinus drains separately into nasal meatuses (deep to nasal concha)
74
Name the 5 known openings in the paranasal sinuses
frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, sphenoid sinus, maxillary sinus, nasolacrimal duct
75
Where is the frontal sinus
paired, forehead
76
Where are the ethmoid air cells
medial orbit
77
Where is the sphenoid sinus
medial deep
78
Where is the maxillary sinus
medial cheeks
79
Where is the nasolacrimal duct
vertical, traveling down from lacrimal
80
What are the four types of teeth
incisor, canine, premolar (bicuspid), molar
81
describe an incisor
thin, cutting edges, front teeth
82
describe a canine
single, prominent cones
83
describe a premolar
2 cusps
84
describe a molar
3+ cusps
85
how many of each type of teeth does an adult have per side
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
86
how many permanent teeth does an adult have
32
87
where is the mandibular foramen
passageway on the lateral aspect of the mandible
88
what travels through the madibular foramen
inferior alveolar nerve
89
what does an inferior alveolar nerve block restrict
all sensation in mandibular teeth and gingiva on the same side
90
what is the hard palete
roof of mouth
91
what is the palatine process of the maxilla
process forming the anterior portion of the hard palete
92
what and where are palatine bones
paired bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palete
93
what is the soft palete
the muscular part at the back of the roof of the mouth
94
What is the uvula
posteo-inferior aspect of the soft palette
95
how many muscles make up the soft palete
5
96
what is the action of the muscles of the soft palete
elevation and depression (manage food passageway) and tense palete
97
How many intrinsic muscles in the tongue? extrinsic
4 and 4
98
where are the attachments of the intrinsic tongue muscles (generally)
within tongue
99
what is the function of the instrinsic tongue muscles
alter shape of tongue
100
where are the attachments of the extrinsic tongue muscles (generally)
outside of tongue
101
what is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles
alter position of tongue
102
what is the innervation of the tongue muscles
hypoglossal n
103
what bone forms the posterior aspect of the hard palate
palatine
104
what type of joint is the TMJ
modified synovial hinge joint
105
what bones are joined at the TMJ
mandible and temporal
106
what is the articular tubercle
anterior extend of the mandibular fossa (seen at the posterior inferior portion of the zygomatic arch)
107
what is the mandibular fossa
depression in the temporal bone that receives the mandible
108
What is the mandibular condyle
posterior process of mandible, attachment point of TMJ
109
what movements is the TMJ capable of
elevation depression retraction protraction
110
how does full protraction of the TMJ allign the landmarks of the parietal bones and mandible
brings the mandibular condyle and articular disc inferior to the articular tubercle
111
Which way does the TMJ typically dislocate
anteriorly
112
What is the position of the mouth following TMJ dislocation
locked open (landmarks align like full protraction)
113
What are the 4 muscles of mastication that act on the TMJ
temporalis m, masseter m, lateral pterygoid m, medial pterygoid m
114
What is the nerve innervation of the 4 muscles of mastication
CN V3 mandibular
115
what is the coronoid process of the mandible
superior and more anterior process
116
proximal and distal attachments of temporalis m
superior and interior temporal lines (parietal bone)
coronoid process of mandible
117
action of the temporalis m
retraction and elevation of mandible
118
action of masseter m
protraction retration elevation of mandible
119
action of lateral pterygoid m
depression and protraction of mandible
120
action of medial pterygoid m
elevation and protraction of mandible
121
what is the masticatory sling
medial pterygoid m (deep side of mandible) and masseter m (superficial side of mandible)
122
action of masticatory sling
protraction and elevation of mandible
123
What are panniculus carnosus m
muscles in the subcutaneous tissue
124
What and where is sternalis m
panniculus carnosus anterior to pec major (variable) unknown function
125
What and where is palmaris brevis m
panniculus carnosus, wrinkle skin on palm
126
What and where is dartos m
panniculus carnosus, wrinkle skin of scrotum
127
What are muscles of facial expression
in subcutaneous tissue of the face, scalp, and neck. moves the skin and changes facial expressions
128
what is the nerve innervation of the muscles of facial expression
CN VII facial
129
where is the orbicularis oculi m
subcutaneous tissue surrounding eye
130
what is the action of orbicularis oculi m
sphincteric muscle, closes eyelids
131
what are the two parts of orbicularis oculi m and their function
palpebral part: soft close
orbital part: hard close
132
where is orbicularis oris m
subcutaneous around lips / mouth
133
what is the action of orbicularis oris m
closes oral fissure, protrudes lips
134
where is buccinator m
deeper muscle in cheeks
135
what is the action of buccinator m
presses cheek against molar teeth, with tongue keeps food out of oral vestibule, resists distension of cheeks
136
what is bells palsy
facial nerve paralysis
