MSK 4 - Thorax & Abdomen

Question 1

describe the ROM and action possible at the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 1

limited ROM, some rotation

Question 2

functions of thoracic cage

Answer 2

protect organs, resist negative internal pressures, attachment points for muscles

Question 3

what are true ribs and which ribs are true

Answer 3

1-6/7, attach directly to sternum via costal cartilage

Question 4

whats another name for true ribs

Answer 4

vertebrosternal

Question 5

what are false ribs and which ribs are false

Answer 5

7/8-9/10, indirect connection to sternum via superior cartilage

Question 6

whats another name for false ribs

Answer 6

vertebrochondral

Question 7

what are floating ribs and which ribs are floating

Answer 7

10/11-12, rudimentary cartilages do not connect to sternum

Question 8

whats another name for floating ribs

Answer 8

free

Question 9

what are intercostal spaces

Answer 9

seperate ribs and costal cartilage

Question 10

how are intercostal spaces named

Answer 10

by rib superior to space

Question 11

what is the costal margin

Answer 11

arch formed by inferior boundary of ribs, cartilaginous

Question 12

what is the sternum

Answer 12

breast bone

Question 13

what is the jugular notch

Answer 13

palpable superior border of sternum (notched)

Question 14

what are the clavicular notches

Answer 14

lateral superior notches on sternum that articular with clavicles to form sternoclavicular joints

Question 15

what is the manubrium

Answer 15

superior region of sternum

Question 16

what is the body of the sternum

Answer 16

middle region

Question 17

what is the xiphoid process

Answer 17

small pointed end of bone at the inferior sternum

Question 18

what is the sternal angle and what level is it on

Answer 18

where the manubrium meets the sternal body, level of 2nd rib

Question 19

describe the mobility of thoracic vertebrae relative to cervical and lumbar

Answer 19

less

Question 20

where are costal facets located on thoracic vertebrae

Answer 20

vertebral body (laterally), transverse processes

Question 21

how to thoracic vertebrae change moving inferior

Answer 21

get larger

Question 22

what are a unique characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 22

costal facets, longer transverse processes

Question 23

what type of joint are costovertebral joints

Answer 23

plane, synovial

Question 24

where are costal vertebral joints located and what specifically do they articulate

Answer 24

join ribs to vertebrae

1. head of rib articulates with thoracic vertebral bodies
2. tubercle of rib articulates with thoracic transverse processes

Question 25

where is the head of the rib

Answer 25

end which articulates with vertebrae

Question 26

where is the tubercle of rib

Answer 26

on lateral aspect of end of rib which articulates with vertebrae

Question 27

what muscles make up the thoracic wall

Answer 27

internal and external intercostal mm

Question 28

how many pairs of external intercostal mm are there

Answer 28

11

Question 29

how do external intercostal mm course

Answer 29

inferomedial

Question 30

what is the action of external intercostal mm

Answer 30

active during inhalation

Question 31

how many pairs of internal intercostal mm are there

Answer 31

11

Question 32

how do internal intercostal mm course

Answer 32

inferolateral

Question 33

what is the action of internal intercostal mm

Answer 33

active during exhalation

Question 34

what is the diaphram

Answer 34

large muscle of respiration that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 35

what innervates the diaphragm

Answer 35

phrenic n "C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive" means innervation from cervical spinal nerves C3, 4, 5

Question 36

what is the action of the diaphragm

Answer 36

muscle of inhalation

Question 37

which structures pass through the diaphragm (5)

Answer 37

inferior vena cava (medial), esophagus (just posterior), CNX vagus, descending aorta (posterior most), thoracic duct

Question 38

what shape is the diaphragm when relaxed? flexed?

Answer 38

relaxed: dome flexed: plate to make room for lungs for inhalation

Question 39

how do external intercostal mm affect the volume of thoracic cavity

Answer 39

when they flex volume increases to make room for inhalation

Question 40

describe the ROM and action possible at the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 40

moderate ROM, flexion and extension

Question 41

what is the abdominal wall and its purpose

Answer 41

muscles of the anterior abdomen, supports abdominal viscera and vertebral column

Question 42

true/false there are bones in the anterior abdomen

Answer 42

false

Question 43

describe the unique features of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 43

prominent superior articular processes, transverse processes without transverse foramina or costal facets

Question 44

what are the three muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 44

external oblique m (superficial), internal oblique m (intermediate), transverse abdominal m (deep)

Question 45

how does the external oblique muscle course

Answer 45

inferomedial

Question 46

how does the internal oblique muscle course

Answer 46

inferolateral

Question 47

how does the transverse abdominis course

Answer 47

horizontal

Question 48

what is the action of external oblique m

Answer 48

bilateral: flexion unilateral: rotation and lateral flexion

Question 49

what is the action of internal oblique m

Answer 49

bilateral: flexion unilateral: rotation and lateral flexion

Question 50

what is the action of transverse abdominis m

Answer 50

compression

Question 51

what is the rectus sheath

Answer 51

aponeuroses of anterolateral abdominal mm that encloses the rectus abdominis m

Question 52

what is the linea alba

Answer 52

midline raphe (seam) of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 53

what are the attachments of rectus abdominus m

Answer 53

xiphod process and costal margin pubis also attached to rectus sheath through tendinous intersections

Question 54

what are the actions of rectus abdominus

Answer 54

flexion of trunk and compression of abdominal viscera