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Pathology > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

where does eversion occur

A

intertarsal joints

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2
Q

movement in thoracic spine

A

rotation

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3
Q

movement in lumbar spine

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion

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4
Q

movement in cervical spine

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion
at atlanto-axial-rotation

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5
Q

movements of the shoulder joint

A 
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
rotation
circumduction
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6
Q

where is the common extensor origin?

A

anterior (extensor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum)

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7
Q

nerve supply of thenar muscles

A

recurrent branch (muscular) of median nerve

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8
Q

what is adductor policies supplied by

A

ulnar nerve

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9
Q

ball and socket joints?

A

sternoclavicular

shoulder

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10
Q

pivot joint

A

inferior radio ulnar

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11
Q

what is the wrist joint?

A

condyloid

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12
Q

branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
musculocutaneous
axillary
mediaN
radial
ulnar
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13
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

brachialis
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
skin of lateral forearm

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14
Q

how do you test integrity of the axillary nerve after dislocation of shoulder?

A

regimental badge area

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15
Q

vertebral level of angle of Louis?

A

T4/5

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16
Q

where are the lumbricals?

A

palm

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17
Q

5 symptoms of lupus

A 
rash on face
joint pain
headaches
lethargy
skin photosensitivity
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18
Q

6 signs of lupus

A 
malar or discoid rash
joint or feet swelling, latter because of renal problems
Raynaud's phenomenon
dry eyes
unexplained fever
haematuria
lymphadenopathy
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19
Q

what is antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

autoimmune thrombosis, causing recurrent miscarriage, thrombocytopenia, treated with warfarin or heparin

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20
Q

limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis leads to what?

A

CREST calcinosis, Raynauds, oedosphageal and gut dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia

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21
Q

sjogren’s syndrome leads to what?

A

dry eyes, dry mouth, dry vagina, polyarthritis due to lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis

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22
Q

what is sjorgren’s associated with?

A

RA and SLE-autoimmmune disorder

23
Q

what is infiltrated by lymphocytes in sjogrens syndrome?

A

exocrine glands

24
Q

what does Paget’s disease of bone increase the risk of?

A

primary bone tumours like osteosarcoma, Ewing’s

25
Q

opposite to SPASMODIC

A

bones stones groans moans-hypercalcaemia

26
Q

what might cause spinal cord compression and pain with varying intensity?

A

spinal cord degeneration

27
Q

how is spinal cord degeneration detected?

A

MRI

28
Q

what is fibromyalgia associated with?

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

29
Q

what is there none of in fibromyalgia

A

inflammation

30
Q

how is fibromyalgia treated?

A

TENS, exercise, CBT, tricyclic antidepressants

31
Q

symptoms of fibromyalgia

A

subjective swelling
fatigue and tired
anxious
parasthesiae of hands and feet

32
Q

differentials of fibromyalgia?

A

hypothyroidism
polymyalgia rheumatica
SLE
inflammatory myopathy

33
Q

blood in bones carried by?

A

haversian and volkmann’s canals

34
Q

what is the pain in OA caused by?

A

vascular congestion

35
Q

what is Charcot’s arthropathy

A

DM caused destruction of bone and tissue at weight-bearing joints

36
Q

endocrine diseases that lead to osteoporosis?

A

Cushing’s cortisol increases turnover and apoptosis of osteoblasts
hyperthyroidism
hyperparathyroidism

37
Q

what does DEXA stand for?

A

dual energy x ray absorptiometry

38
Q

what is the difference between Z score and T score?

A

T-standard deviations from the mean from bone density of a healthy 30 year old of patients ethnicity and sex
Z-standard deviations from the mean from bone density of healthy person of patients age, sex and ethnicity

39
Q

how is osteopenia defined?

A

t score of between 1 and 2.5 below the mean

40
Q

causes of Raynaud’s?

A 
primary
polycythaemia rubra vera
RA
SLE
atheroma
beta blocker
hypothyroidism
41
Q

what swelling may accompany rheumatoid arthritis?

A

tenosynovitis-sheath

bursitis-fluid

42
Q

extra articular RA

A 
normocytic normochromic anaemia
rheumatoid nodules
sicca syndrome
amyloidosis of kidneys
pulmonary embolism
43
Q

features of rheumatoid arthritis on XR?

A 
LESS
loss of joint space
erosions
soft tissue swelling
soft bones-osteopenia
44
Q

what can DMARDs cause?

A

pancytopenia

45
Q

what are the seronegative arthropathies

A

psoriatic
reactive
ankylosing spondyloarthritis
enteropathic

46
Q

in what kind of seronegative arthritis is the arthritis symmetrical?

A

psoriatic

47
Q

what kind of ankylosing spondylitis do you not use DMARDs for?

A

ank spond

48
Q

GU manifestation of reactive arthritis?

A

cicinate balantitis

49
Q

what is Reiter’s triad

A

symptoms that may occur in reactive arthritis
arthritis
conjunctivitis
urethritis

50
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome associated with?

A

pregnancy
acromegaly
hypothryoidism
polymyalgia rheumatica

51
Q

give some examples of occupation MSK problems

A

mechanical back pain
carpal tunnel syndrome
epicondylitis
hand arm vibration syndrome

52
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

stiffness and pain associated with giant cell arteritis, symptoms are fever, systemically unwell, weight loss, morning pain. Treated with steroids

53
Q

monosodium urate crystals appear how on microscopy?

A

negatively birefringent

needles

Pathology (21 decks)

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