MSK

Question 1

Summary of MSK Pathology

Answer 1

Infections - Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis

Arthritis - OA, RA, Gout, Septic, Psoriasis

Paget's D
HPT
Renal osteodystrophy
Bone mets
Muscle D

Question 2

Osteomyelitis is bone infection that can occur by haematogenous spread, contigous-focus or direct innoculation. What are the corresponding classifications?

Answer 2

Type 1: MEDULLARY (Haematogenous)

Type 2: SUPERFICIAL (Contigous-spread)

Type 3: LOCALISED (direct innoculation e.g. trauma)

Type 4: DIFFUSE

Question 3

Presentation of osteomyelitis?

Answer 3

Pain (noctural)
Reduced movement
+/- B symptoms
+/- 4 cardinal signs

Question 4

~60% of Osteomyleitis cases are caused by…?

Answer 4

S. Aureas

Strep, Enterococci, salmonella, TB, Brucella

Question 5

Bone biopsy would be taken to establise the cause of osteomyelitis. What is the treatment if caused by S. Aureas, gram -ve, Enterococci?

Answer 5

Flucloxicillin

Ciprofloxacin

Vancomycin

Question 6

Define Septic Arthritis.

Answer 6

= inflamm of joint space from infection

Question 7

What are the two types of septic arthritis?

Answer 7

Native joint infection

Prosthetic joint infection

Question 8

Most common cause of Septic Arthritis?

Answer 8

S. Aureas

Question 9

Pre-disposing factors in Native joint infection?

Answer 9

RA
Trauma
Immunocompromised
IVDU

(haematogenous, trauma)

Question 10

Which septic joint infection typically presents as 4 cardinal signs + reduced movement + (B symptoms)

Answer 10

Prosthetic joint infection

Question 11

How would you investigate septic arthritis?

Answer 11

Joint aspirate
Crystal examination
WCC
Culture

Question 12

Treatment for prosthetic joint infection is more complicated and longer than native. What is it?

Answer 12

Drain pus/fluid

Flucloxicillin + Rifampicin

Question 13

Arthritis = pain/stiffness in joint. Most common cause is…?

Answer 13

INFLAMMATION

Question 14

Acute Arthritis presents with 4 cardinal signs. T/F?

Answer 14

T

Question 15

Chronic Arthritis examples are…?

Answer 15

RA

OA

Question 16

What is the most common joint disease?

Common sites?

Answer 16

Osteoarthritis

Often hands/knee/hips

Question 17

Which arthritis is caused by progressive erosion of articular cartilage?

What can precipitate this?

Answer 17

OA

Degeneration
Over-use
Diabetes
Obesity

Question 18

RA = autoimmune destruction of articular cartilage –> ankylosing joints. How does it present?

Answer 18

1st - malaise, fatigue, general MSK
4 cardinal signs (esp small joints)

Still in morn/after activity

Question 19

Which Arthritis has systemic manifestations (inflamm) and more common in females?

Answer 19

RA

Question 20

Gout = uric acid desposition in which 2 sites?

Answer 20

Joints –> Arthritis, tophi

Kidney –> Gouty nephropathy –> UA stones

Question 21

Bone tumours can arise from bone and cartilsge. Malignant tumours are seen in which ae group?

Answer 21

Young

Question 22

Bone mets commonly go to which organs?

Answer 22

Breast
Thyroid
Prostate
Kidney
GI

Question 23

Define Polymyalgia Rheumatica.

(immunological)

Answer 23

= conn tissue disorder causing stiffness/weakness/pain in neck/upper limb

Question 24

Polymyalgia Rheumatica is associated with what condition?

Answer 24

Giant Cell Arteritis

Question 25

What mode of inheritance is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 25

X-linked

hypertrophy of functioning muscle

Question 26

The presenting complaint of this disorder is muscle weakness..

Answer 26

MG

= autoimmune blocking AChR in NMJ

Question 27

Dermatomyosistis classicaaly presents as..?

Answer 27

Peri-orbital odema

Scaly facial rash

Question 28

Progressive degeneration of motor neurones?

Answer 28

MND

Question 29

Eaton-Lambert syndrome is a metastatic manifestation of cancer. T/F?

Answer 29

F

Non-met manifestation

Question 30

The condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaksdown rapidly + can lead to renal failure.

Answer 30

Rhabdomyolysis