MSK Flashcards
Summary of MSK Pathology
Infections - Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis
Arthritis - OA, RA, Gout, Septic, Psoriasis
Paget's D HPT Renal osteodystrophy Bone mets Muscle D
Osteomyelitis is bone infection that can occur by haematogenous spread, contigous-focus or direct innoculation. What are the corresponding classifications?
Type 1: MEDULLARY (Haematogenous)
Type 2: SUPERFICIAL (Contigous-spread)
Type 3: LOCALISED (direct innoculation e.g. trauma)
Type 4: DIFFUSE
Presentation of osteomyelitis?
Pain (noctural)
Reduced movement
+/- B symptoms
+/- 4 cardinal signs
~60% of Osteomyleitis cases are caused by…?
S. Aureas
Strep, Enterococci, salmonella, TB, Brucella
Bone biopsy would be taken to establise the cause of osteomyelitis. What is the treatment if caused by S. Aureas, gram -ve, Enterococci?
Flucloxicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Vancomycin
Define Septic Arthritis.
= inflamm of joint space from infection
What are the two types of septic arthritis?
Native joint infection
Prosthetic joint infection
Most common cause of Septic Arthritis?
S. Aureas
Pre-disposing factors in Native joint infection?
RA
Trauma
Immunocompromised
IVDU
(haematogenous, trauma)
Which septic joint infection typically presents as 4 cardinal signs + reduced movement + (B symptoms)
Prosthetic joint infection
How would you investigate septic arthritis?
Joint aspirate
Crystal examination
WCC
Culture
Treatment for prosthetic joint infection is more complicated and longer than native. What is it?
Drain pus/fluid
Flucloxicillin + Rifampicin
Arthritis = pain/stiffness in joint. Most common cause is…?
INFLAMMATION
Acute Arthritis presents with 4 cardinal signs. T/F?
T
Chronic Arthritis examples are…?
RA
OA
What is the most common joint disease?
Common sites?
Osteoarthritis
Often hands/knee/hips
Which arthritis is caused by progressive erosion of articular cartilage?
What can precipitate this?
OA
Degeneration
Over-use
Diabetes
Obesity
RA = autoimmune destruction of articular cartilage –> ankylosing joints. How does it present?
1st - malaise, fatigue, general MSK
4 cardinal signs (esp small joints)
Still in morn/after activity
Which Arthritis has systemic manifestations (inflamm) and more common in females?
RA
Gout = uric acid desposition in which 2 sites?
Joints –> Arthritis, tophi
Kidney –> Gouty nephropathy –> UA stones
Bone tumours can arise from bone and cartilsge. Malignant tumours are seen in which ae group?
Young
Bone mets commonly go to which organs?
Breast Thyroid Prostate Kidney GI
Define Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
(immunological)
= conn tissue disorder causing stiffness/weakness/pain in neck/upper limb
Polymyalgia Rheumatica is associated with what condition?
Giant Cell Arteritis
