Core Immunology Flashcards
Summary of Immunology
Autoimmune D (AD) Diagnosing AD Allergies Immunodeficiency Infections in immunocompromised Immunotherapeutics Transplant immunology
Define AD
= loss of central/peripheral tolerance
autoreative B/T cells/general inflammation
What are the clinical features of someone who has an AD?
F > M Elderly Smoking previous trauma/infection there - goes overboard Chronic - remision/relapse
List some organ-specific AD
Hoshimoto’s thyroiditis - hypothyroidism, auto-ab
Graves - hyperthyroidism, TSH
Pernicious anaemia - B12
MG - auto-ab in AChR
RA and SLE are examples of systemic AD. What is the acronym for SLE?
SOAP BRAIN MF
AD are diagnosed using inflammatory markers such as?
ESR - viscosity of blood, high CRP Ferritin Fibrinogen Haptoglobin Albumin - low Complement - low
List some specific auto-ab used to detect systemic AD.
SLE - ANA, Anti-dsDNA
RA - RF, ACPA
ANCA Vasculitis - ANCA
Allergy = hypersensitivity reaction = damaging/unpleasant response of normal IS to non-harmful antigens in pre-sensitised host.
What are common allergens?
Cow's milk Nuts Legumes Fish Eggs Crustaceans Cereals
Whcih hypersensitivity reaction will be seen in ABO incompatbility and haemolytic anaemias?
Type II: Cytotoxic
Vasculitis and SLE fall into which hypersensitivity type?
Type III: Immune-mediated
Which reaction is fast onset and includes the atopic triad and anaphylaxis?
Type I: IgE mediated (Allergy)
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is what?
T cell-mediated
weeks onset
The atopic triad consists of Atopic dematitis, Asthama and Rhinitis. T/F?
True
Whats the main trigger of the atopic triad?
House dust mite
List the treatments for each atopic triad condition
Rhinitis - anti-histamines
Asthma - Salbutamol
Atopic dermatitis - Topical steroids, moisturisers
Standard treatment for Anaphylaxis?
Adrenaline
What systems are affected in anaphylaxis?
Respiratory
CV
Skin
GI
State 4 tests used to diagnose allergies
Specific [IgE]
Skin prick test
Intradermal test
Oral challenge
2” immunodeficiency is acquired and transient and often minor. List possible causes.
Stress Malnutrition cancer Steroids Chemo AIDS Irradiaiton Surgery
1” immunodeficiencies are rare and due to IEM. What is a common presentation?
Recurrent infections
Child
Which immunodef presents with slightly raised CRP after infection?
IRAK-4 def
Which immunodef is X-linked and presents as recurrent abcesses?
CGD
which cells are defective in XLA?
X-linked Agammaglobinaemia
B cells
Low [T cells] is likely to be which IEM?
SCID
bone marrow transplant, gene therapy
