Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology > CVD > Flashcards

CVD Flashcards

1
Q

CVD risk factors can be assessed using…?

A

Q-risk 2
Score
Framingham Risk score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is IHD usually caused by?

A

Atheroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does ischaemia in the heart lead to…?

A

Myocyte dyfunction/death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List IHD syndromes.

A

Angina pectoris
Acute coronary syndrome
Sudden cardiac death = Arrythmias
Chronic IHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 classifications of MI?

Differences?

A

Acute - full wall

Subendocardial - poorly perfused normally, infarct when hypotensive/angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State how you would diagnosis an MI.

A

.Troponin

ECG: ST elevation

CK-MB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some of the complications after MI?

A

Arrythmias
Shock (LV failure)
Stroke (mural thrombus)
Dressler’s syndrome (weeks/months post)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

High BP –> Damage bv –> Damage organs.

What are some of the causes of 2” HTN (5%)

A

Renal - CKD, renal a stenosis
Endocrine: Conn’s, Cushings, Pheochromocytoma, Hyperthyroid

CV: coarctation of aorta
Neurological: Sleep apnoea, increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What BP is classsified as hypertensive crisis?

A

BP > 180/120

URGENT TREATMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary HTN can cause RV hypertrophy, hepatomegaly, Splenic congestion, peripheral oedema. What conditions can cause it?

A

COPD
Asthma
Interstitial Lung D
PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pathogenesis of LVHF is increased PRESSURE or DYSFUNCTION. What 3 conditons can lead to LVHF?

A

HTN
Valvular HD
MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of LVHF?

A 
Pulmonary oedema
Orthopnoea
PND
Cyanosis
Blood in sputum
SOB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LVHF and Cor pulmonale can lead to what?

A

RVHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is pleural/pericardial effusion seen in LVHF or RVHF? What else is seen?

A

RVHF

Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Peripheral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State 4 complications of both heart failures.

A

Chamber dilation
Hypertrophy
Cardiomegaly
Heart failure cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

70% of all Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is done to…/

A

Aortic/mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes mitral stenosis with the classic fish mouth abnormality?

A

RHD

autoimmune D after Strep A throat infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does RHD cause in the heart?

A

PANCARDITIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which stenosis is caused by age-related calcification or 2 cusps?

A

Aortic stenosis

can develop angina, CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aortic regurgitation can be caused by?

A

RHD
Endocarditis
Aortic root dilations

21
Q

MVP stands for…? In mitral valve regurgitiation.

How would you diagnosis it?

A

Mitral Valve prolapse

ECHO

22
Q

Which congenital heart defects (CHD) cause a L –> R shunt?

consequence?

A

VSD
ASD
AVSD
PDA

Pulmonary HTN

23
Q

Which CHD cause a R –L shunt

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the Great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Total anoamlous pulmonary venous conn
Tricuspid atresia
24
Q

In which shunt in CHD do you get cyanosis?

A

R –> L shunt

25
Q

Which CHD are due to valvular abnormalities and are obstructive?

A

Coarctation of aorta
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary Stenosis

26
Q

In which CHD is a shunt REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL?

A

If PDA + obstructive defect
Transposition of Great vessels
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous…

27
Q

What are the vegetations made of that are in IE?

A

Organisms + thrombotic debris

28
Q

How is IE classified?

Which one is less virulent/vague symptoms/ affects defective valve and often seen on wards?

A

Acute IE

Sub-acute IE* - antibiotics

29
Q

Strep viridans (mouth), S. aureas (skin) and what other pathogen causes IE via blood?

A

S. Bovis

TEST FOR BOWEL CANCER

30
Q

Risk factors for IE?

A 
Dental work
Cardiac/Valvular ab
IVDU
Prolonged catheter
Bowel cancer
31
Q

what acronym is used for the presentation of IE?

A

FROM JANE

32
Q

List 3 causes of Non-IE.

A

NBTE
Endocarditis with SLE
RF

33
Q

What virus commonly causes all kinds of heart infections?

A

Coxsackie B

34
Q

What is the most common type of acute pericarditis?

What are the other types?

A

Serofibrinous/Fibrinous

Serous
Purulent
Haemorrhagic
Caseous

35
Q

There are 3 chronic pericarditis types. What are they?

A

Adhesive
Adhesive Mediastinopericarditis
Restricitive

36
Q

Is chronic pericarditis inflammatory or adhesive?

A

Adhesive

37
Q

Pericarditis is caused by what?

A

Infection (Coxsackie B, TB)
Post- heart sugery
Immunological: RF, SLE, Dresslers
Neoplasm/Radiation

38
Q

Myocarditis is often caused by CoxsackieB. How would it present?

Can develop into dilated CM

A

Asymptomatic
Heart failure
Arrthymias
Sudden cardiac death

39
Q

What are the 4 types of cardiomyopathies (CM)?

A
  1. Dilated
  2. Hypertrophic
  3. Restrictive
  4. Arrythmogenic RV
40
Q

Which CM is often caused by genetic or alcohol?

Treatment?

A

Dilate CM

Transplant, Ventricular assist

41
Q

Is hypertophic CM 100% genetic or not?

Treatment?

A

100% genetic

Transplant, B-blockers

42
Q

Restrictive CM shows decreased in ventricular compliance. What are some causes?

A

Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Mets
idiopathic

43
Q

Which CM is due to RV dysplasia from disorder of desmosomes?

A

Arrythmogenic RV

Athletes

44
Q

Which condition presents as facial pain, headache and jaw claudication?

A

Giant cell arteritis

MEDICAL EMERGENCY - COMPLICATION –> BLINDNESS

45
Q

How would you diagnose and treat Giant cell arteritis?

A

Biopsy

Corticosteroids

46
Q

What is the most common type of aneurysm?

diagnosis?

A

Atherosclerotic (AAA)

USS

47
Q

other types of aneurysm?

A 
Dissecting (thoracic)
Berry (Circle of Wilis)
Microaneurysms (brain)
False
Syphilic
Mycotic (weakening post subacute IE)
48
Q

What is the term for RVHF due to lung disease?

A

Cor Pulmonale

Clinical Pathology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions