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Anatomy > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the superior process of C2

A

Dens process

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2
Q

Movements permitted by the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Flexion/extension

Lateral flexion

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3
Q

Movements permitted by the atlanto-dens joint

A

rotation (Shaking of the head)

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4
Q

The first palpable spinous process

A

C7

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5
Q

The name of the centre of the vertebral disc

A

Nucleus pulposus

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6
Q

Which direction is the nucleus pulposus most likely to leak out in and why

A

Posterior lay as this is where the annulus fibrosis is thinnest - compresses the spinal cord

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7
Q

The 5 ligaments of the spine

A 
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinatus ligament 
Interspinatus ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
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8
Q

Intermediate muscles of the spine

A

Serrated posterior superior

Serrated posterior inferior

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9
Q

Origin of the serrated posterior muscles

A

Spinous processes

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10
Q

Insertion of the serratus posterior muscles

A

Ribs

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11
Q

Superficial/extrinsic muscles of the spine

A 
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapularis
Latissimus dorsi 
Trapezius
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12
Q

Origin of trapezius

A

Spinous process (down to T12)

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13
Q

Insertions of trapezius

A

Occiput

Spine of scapula

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14
Q

Function of trapezius

A

Elevates and depresses scapula

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15
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN IX)

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16
Q

Origin of latissimus dorsi

A

spinous process and pelvis

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17
Q

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

humerus

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18
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

C6/C7/C8

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19
Q

Function of latissimus dorsi

A

Adducts the shoulder
Extends the shoulder
Internally rotates the humerus

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20
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor

A

Spinous process C7/T1

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21
Q

Insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Scapula

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22
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C3/C4)

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23
Q

Origin of rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes T2-T5

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24
Q

Insertion of rhomboid major

A

scapula

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25
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C3/C4)

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26
Q

Function of rhomboid minor and major

A

Hold the scapulae against thoracic wall

retracts scapula

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27
Q

The name of C1 vertebrate

A

Atlas

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28
Q

Origin of levatus scapularis

A

transverse process of C1

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29
Q

Insertion of levatus scapularis

A

Superior angle of scapula

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30
Q

Innervation of levatus scapularis

A

Branches C4/C5

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31
Q

Functions of levatus scapularis

A

Elevates the scapula

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32
Q

The name of C2 vertebra

A

Axis

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33
Q

Function of the deep/intrinsic spine muscles

A

movement of vertebral column

posture

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34
Q

Name of the group of muscles that make up the deep muscles of the spine

A

Erector spinae muscles

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35
Q

The 3 muscles making up the erector spinae muscles

A

iliocostalis (laterally)
longisimus thoracis
spinalis thoracis

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36
Q

The origin of the erector spinae muscles

A

occiput of the skull

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37
Q

The insertion of the erector spinae muscles

A

pelvis

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38
Q

Innervation of the erector spinae muscles

A

posterior rami of the spinal nerves

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39
Q

Level at which the spinal cord terminates

A

L2

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40
Q

Myotomes

A

the muscles controlled by the motor element of the nerve root from a specific level

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41
Q

Dermatome

A

skin sensation supplied by the sensory element of the nerve root from a specific level

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42
Q

The two descending motor tracts within the white matter of the spinal cord

A

Crossed pyramidal/lateral cerebrospinal tract

Uncrossed pyramidal/anterior cerebrospinal tract

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43
Q

Which ligaments in the shoulder need to rupture in order for dislocation to occur

A

Coracoacromial ligament

coracoclavicular ligament

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44
Q

The four rotator cuff muscles which stabilise the shoulder

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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45
Q

Origin of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa

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46
Q

Insertion of supraspinatus

A

Greater tuberosity of humerus

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47
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Subscapular nerve (C5/C6)

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48
Q

Function of supraspinatus

A

Abducts the arm (takes over from deltoid ~30degrees)

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49
Q

Origin of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinatous fossa

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50
Q

Insertion of infraspinatus

A

Greater tuberosity of humerous

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51
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

Subscapular nerve (C5/C6)

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52
Q

Function of infraspinatus

A

Externally rotates the arm

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53
Q

Origin of Teres Minor

A

Dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula

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54
Q

Insertion of Teres Minor

A

Greater tuberosity of humerus

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55
Q

Innervation of Teres Minor

A

Axillary nerve (C5/C6)

56
Q

Function of Teres Minor

A

Externally rotates the arm

57
Q

Origin of subscapularis

A

Anterior surface of the scapula (subscapular fossa)

58
Q

Insertion of subscapularis

A

Lesser tuberosity of the humerus/shoulder capsule

59
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5/C6)

60
Q

Function of subscapularis

A

Internally rotates the arm

61
Q

Origin of the Deltoid

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Spine of Scapula

62
Q

Insertion of Deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity (lateral aspect of humerus)

63
Q

Innervation of Deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (C5/C6)

64
Q

Function of Deltoid

A

Abducts the arm

65
Q

Origin of Biceps Brachii

A

Short head: coracoid process

Long head: labrum/glenoid

66
Q

Insertion of Biceps Brachii

A

Tuberosity of radius

67
Q

Innervation of Biceps Brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5/C6)

68
Q

Function of Biceps Brachii

A

Flexes the elbow

Supinates the forearm

69
Q

The two processes found at the distal end of the humerus

A

Lateral and medial epicondyles

70
Q

The bursa found posterior to the elbow

A

olecranon bursa

71
Q

3 ligaments found at the elbow

A

Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Annular ligament

72
Q

The site of insertion for all the extensor muscles of the forearm

A

Lateral epicondyle

73
Q

The extensor compartment of the forearm

A

The dorsal compartment

74
Q

The site of insertion for all the flexor muscles of the forearm

A

medial epicondyle

75
Q

The flexor compartment of the forearm

A

volar compartment

76
Q

The membrane found between the radius and ulna

A

interosseous membrane

77
Q

The ulna rotates round the radius. T/F?

A

False - radius rotates around ulna

78
Q

The name of the process found at the distal end of the radius and ulna

A

The ulnar styloid

The radial styloid

79
Q

Localised tenderness of the anatomical snuffbox indicates…

A

Scaphoid fracture

80
Q

Name the 8 carpal bones

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
81
Q

The 3 thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis

82
Q

Nerve supply of the thenar muscles

A

Median nerve

83
Q

The hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

84
Q

Joint where the interossei muscles flex

A

MCP joints

85
Q

Point where the the interossei muscles extend

A

IP joints

86
Q

Innervation of the interossei muscles

A

ulnar nerve

87
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there

A

4

88
Q

Function of dorsal interossei muscles

A

Abducts the fingers (DAB) at the MCPJs

89
Q

Function of the Palmar interossei muscles

A

Adducts the fingers (PAD) at the MCPJs

90
Q

How any palmar interossei are there?

A

3

91
Q

Function of the lumbricals

A

flex the MCPJs

extend the IPJs

92
Q

Origin of the lumbricals

A

The radial side of the corresponding tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus

93
Q

Innervation of the lumbricals

A

Lateral 2: median nerve

Medial 2: ulnar nerve

94
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve

95
Q

Functions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes fingers at the PIPJs

96
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Median nerve - 4th and 5th digits

ulnar nerve - 2nd and 3rd digits

97
Q

Function of the palmar fascia

A

separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin - susceptible to Dupuytren’s

98
Q

The two arteries found in each digit

A

Ulnar digital artery
Radial digital artery
(named for side rather than their origin)

99
Q

The 3 peripheral nerves of the hand

A

Ulnar nerve
median nerve
radial nerve

100
Q

Muscular supply of the median nerve

A

Flexor of the forearm
LOAF muscles (lumbricals; opponens pollicis; abductor pollicis brevis; flexor pollicis brevis)
TEST: Abductor pollicis brevis

101
Q

Cutaneous sensation from the median nerve

A

radial 3 and a half digits

TEST: tip of index finger, base of thenar muscles

102
Q

Muscular supply of the ulnar nerve

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

TEST: Adductor digiti minimi, abductor indicis

103
Q

Cutaneous sensation from the ulnar nerve

A

ulnar 1 and a half digits

TEST: dorsum and volar aspects of the little finger

104
Q

Muscular supply from the radial nerve

A

Extensor of the forearm

TEST: extensor digitorum communis; extensor indocis

105
Q

Cutaneous sensation from the radial nerve

A

variable portion of dorsum of the hand

TEST: dorsum of 1st webspace

106
Q

The two digital nerves found in each finger

A

Ulnar digital nerve

Radial digital nerve

107
Q

Compression of Guyon’s Canal causes…

A

Cubital tunnel (compression of the ulnar nerve)

108
Q

The strong fibrous band that arches over the carpus

A

The flexor retinaculum

109
Q

The borders of the carpal tunnel

A

The carpal bones

The flexor retinaculum

110
Q

Cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of the median nerve (likely due to hypertrophy of the flexor retinaculum)

111
Q

The 5 nerve roots that make up the brachial plexus

A

C5-C8, T1

112
Q

The 3 muscles making up iliopsoas

A

Iliacus
Psoas major
Psoas minor

113
Q

Function of the iliopsoas muscles

A

work together to flex the hip

stabilise the hip joint

114
Q

Innervation of psoas major

A

L1,2,3

115
Q

Innervation of psoas minor

A

L1, L2

116
Q

Innervation of iliacus

A

Femoral nerve (L2,3)

117
Q

Origin of psoas major

A

T12-L5 vertebrae

118
Q

Origin of the psoas minor muscle

A

T12-L1 vertebrae

119
Q

Origin of iliacus

A

Iliac crest

120
Q

Function of Sartorius

A

flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
flexes leg at knee joint

121
Q

Innervation of sartorius

A

Femoral nerve (L2,3)

122
Q

Origin of sartorius

A

ASIS

123
Q

Insertion of sartorius

A

Medial surface of tibia

124
Q

The 4 heads of the quadriceps muscles

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis

125
Q

Function of the quadriceps

A

Extend the knee joint

126
Q

Insertion of the quadriceps muscle

A

Tibia (via the patellar tendon)

127
Q

Innervation of the quadriceps muscles

A

Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

128
Q

Function of rectus femoris

A

Extension of the knee joint

Helps iliopsoas flex the hip

129
Q

Origin of rectus femoris

A

ASIS

130
Q

The hip adductors

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
131
Q

Common origin of the hip adductors

A

The inferior pubic rami

132
Q

Hip abductors

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

133
Q

Origin of the gluteus medius and minimus

A

The iliac wing

134
Q

Insertion of the gluteus minimus and medius

A

The greater trochanter of femur

135
Q

Innervation of the hip abductors

A

Gluteal nerve (L5,S1)

Anatomy (5 decks)

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