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MSK Flashcards

(135 cards)

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1
Q

Name of the superior process of C2

A

Dens process

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2
Q

Movements permitted by the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Flexion/extension

Lateral flexion

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3
Q

Movements permitted by the atlanto-dens joint

A

rotation (Shaking of the head)

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4
Q

The first palpable spinous process

A

C7

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5
Q

The name of the centre of the vertebral disc

A

Nucleus pulposus

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6
Q

Which direction is the nucleus pulposus most likely to leak out in and why

A

Posterior lay as this is where the annulus fibrosis is thinnest - compresses the spinal cord

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7
Q

The 5 ligaments of the spine

A 
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinatus ligament 
Interspinatus ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
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8
Q

Intermediate muscles of the spine

A

Serrated posterior superior

Serrated posterior inferior

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9
Q

Origin of the serrated posterior muscles

A

Spinous processes

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10
Q

Insertion of the serratus posterior muscles

A

Ribs

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11
Q

Superficial/extrinsic muscles of the spine

A 
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapularis
Latissimus dorsi 
Trapezius
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12
Q

Origin of trapezius

A

Spinous process (down to T12)

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13
Q

Insertions of trapezius

A

Occiput

Spine of scapula

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14
Q

Function of trapezius

A

Elevates and depresses scapula

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15
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN IX)

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16
Q

Origin of latissimus dorsi

A

spinous process and pelvis

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17
Q

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

humerus

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18
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

C6/C7/C8

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19
Q

Function of latissimus dorsi

A

Adducts the shoulder
Extends the shoulder
Internally rotates the humerus

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20
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor

A

Spinous process C7/T1

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21
Q

Insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Scapula

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22
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C3/C4)

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23
Q

Origin of rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes T2-T5

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24
Q

Insertion of rhomboid major

A

scapula

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25
Innervation of rhomboid major
Dorsal scapula nerve (C3/C4)
26
Function of rhomboid minor and major
Hold the scapulae against thoracic wall | retracts scapula
27
The name of C1 vertebrate
Atlas
28
Origin of levatus scapularis
transverse process of C1
29
Insertion of levatus scapularis
Superior angle of scapula
30
Innervation of levatus scapularis
Branches C4/C5
31
Functions of levatus scapularis
Elevates the scapula
32
The name of C2 vertebra
Axis
33
Function of the deep/intrinsic spine muscles
movement of vertebral column | posture
34
Name of the group of muscles that make up the deep muscles of the spine
Erector spinae muscles
35
The 3 muscles making up the erector spinae muscles
iliocostalis (laterally) longisimus thoracis spinalis thoracis
36
The origin of the erector spinae muscles
occiput of the skull
37
The insertion of the erector spinae muscles
pelvis
38
Innervation of the erector spinae muscles
posterior rami of the spinal nerves
39
Level at which the spinal cord terminates
L2
40
Myotomes
the muscles controlled by the motor element of the nerve root from a specific level
41
Dermatome
skin sensation supplied by the sensory element of the nerve root from a specific level
42
The two descending motor tracts within the white matter of the spinal cord
Crossed pyramidal/lateral cerebrospinal tract | Uncrossed pyramidal/anterior cerebrospinal tract
43
Which ligaments in the shoulder need to rupture in order for dislocation to occur
Coracoacromial ligament | coracoclavicular ligament
44
The four rotator cuff muscles which stabilise the shoulder
Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
45
Origin of supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa
46
Insertion of supraspinatus
Greater tuberosity of humerus
47
Innervation of supraspinatus
Subscapular nerve (C5/C6)
48
Function of supraspinatus
Abducts the arm (takes over from deltoid ~30degrees)
49
Origin of infraspinatus
Infraspinatous fossa
50
Insertion of infraspinatus
Greater tuberosity of humerous
51
Innervation of infraspinatus
Subscapular nerve (C5/C6)
52
Function of infraspinatus
Externally rotates the arm
53
Origin of Teres Minor
Dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
54
Insertion of Teres Minor
Greater tuberosity of humerus
55
Innervation of Teres Minor
Axillary nerve (C5/C6)
56
Function of Teres Minor
Externally rotates the arm
57
Origin of subscapularis
Anterior surface of the scapula (subscapular fossa)
58
Insertion of subscapularis
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus/shoulder capsule
59
Innervation of subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5/C6)
60
Function of subscapularis
Internally rotates the arm
61
Origin of the Deltoid
Clavicle Acromion Spine of Scapula
62
Insertion of Deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity (lateral aspect of humerus)
63
Innervation of Deltoid
Axillary nerve (C5/C6)
64
Function of Deltoid
Abducts the arm
65
Origin of Biceps Brachii
Short head: coracoid process | Long head: labrum/glenoid
66
Insertion of Biceps Brachii
Tuberosity of radius
67
Innervation of Biceps Brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5/C6)
68
Function of Biceps Brachii
Flexes the elbow | Supinates the forearm
69
The two processes found at the distal end of the humerus
Lateral and medial epicondyles
70
The bursa found posterior to the elbow
olecranon bursa
71
3 ligaments found at the elbow
Lateral collateral ligament Medial collateral ligament Annular ligament
72
The site of insertion for all the extensor muscles of the forearm
Lateral epicondyle
73
The extensor compartment of the forearm
The dorsal compartment
74
The site of insertion for all the flexor muscles of the forearm
medial epicondyle
75
The flexor compartment of the forearm
volar compartment
76
The membrane found between the radius and ulna
interosseous membrane
77
The ulna rotates round the radius. T/F?
False - radius rotates around ulna
78
The name of the process found at the distal end of the radius and ulna
The ulnar styloid | The radial styloid
79
Localised tenderness of the anatomical snuffbox indicates...
Scaphoid fracture
80
Name the 8 carpal bones
``` Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate ```
81
The 3 thenar muscles
Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis
82
Nerve supply of the thenar muscles
Median nerve
83
The hypothenar muscles
Abductor digiti minimi | Flexor digiti minimi brevis
84
Joint where the interossei muscles flex
MCP joints
85
Point where the the interossei muscles extend
IP joints
86
Innervation of the interossei muscles
ulnar nerve
87
How many dorsal interossei are there
4
88
Function of dorsal interossei muscles
Abducts the fingers (DAB) at the MCPJs
89
Function of the Palmar interossei muscles
Adducts the fingers (PAD) at the MCPJs
90
How any palmar interossei are there?
3
91
Function of the lumbricals
flex the MCPJs | extend the IPJs
92
Origin of the lumbricals
The radial side of the corresponding tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
93
Innervation of the lumbricals
Lateral 2: median nerve | Medial 2: ulnar nerve
94
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
95
Functions of flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes fingers at the PIPJs
96
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Median nerve - 4th and 5th digits | ulnar nerve - 2nd and 3rd digits
97
Function of the palmar fascia
separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin - susceptible to Dupuytren's
98
The two arteries found in each digit
Ulnar digital artery Radial digital artery (named for side rather than their origin)
99
The 3 peripheral nerves of the hand
Ulnar nerve median nerve radial nerve
100
Muscular supply of the median nerve
Flexor of the forearm LOAF muscles (lumbricals; opponens pollicis; abductor pollicis brevis; flexor pollicis brevis) TEST: Abductor pollicis brevis
101
Cutaneous sensation from the median nerve
radial 3 and a half digits | TEST: tip of index finger, base of thenar muscles
102
Muscular supply of the ulnar nerve
Intrinsic muscles of the hand | TEST: Adductor digiti minimi, abductor indicis
103
Cutaneous sensation from the ulnar nerve
ulnar 1 and a half digits | TEST: dorsum and volar aspects of the little finger
104
Muscular supply from the radial nerve
Extensor of the forearm | TEST: extensor digitorum communis; extensor indocis
105
Cutaneous sensation from the radial nerve
variable portion of dorsum of the hand | TEST: dorsum of 1st webspace
106
The two digital nerves found in each finger
Ulnar digital nerve | Radial digital nerve
107
Compression of Guyon's Canal causes...
Cubital tunnel (compression of the ulnar nerve)
108
The strong fibrous band that arches over the carpus
The flexor retinaculum
109
The borders of the carpal tunnel
The carpal bones | The flexor retinaculum
110
Cause of carpal tunnel syndrome
Compression of the median nerve (likely due to hypertrophy of the flexor retinaculum)
111
The 5 nerve roots that make up the brachial plexus
C5-C8, T1
112
The 3 muscles making up iliopsoas
Iliacus Psoas major Psoas minor
113
Function of the iliopsoas muscles
work together to flex the hip | stabilise the hip joint
114
Innervation of psoas major
L1,2,3
115
Innervation of psoas minor
L1, L2
116
Innervation of iliacus
Femoral nerve (L2,3)
117
Origin of psoas major
T12-L5 vertebrae
118
Origin of the psoas minor muscle
T12-L1 vertebrae
119
Origin of iliacus
Iliac crest
120
Function of Sartorius
flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint flexes leg at knee joint
121
Innervation of sartorius
Femoral nerve (L2,3)
122
Origin of sartorius
ASIS
123
Insertion of sartorius
Medial surface of tibia
124
The 4 heads of the quadriceps muscles
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis
125
Function of the quadriceps
Extend the knee joint
126
Insertion of the quadriceps muscle
Tibia (via the patellar tendon)
127
Innervation of the quadriceps muscles
Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
128
Function of rectus femoris
Extension of the knee joint | Helps iliopsoas flex the hip
129
Origin of rectus femoris
ASIS
130
The hip adductors
``` Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Pectineus ```
131
Common origin of the hip adductors
The inferior pubic rami
132
Hip abductors
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia lata
133
Origin of the gluteus medius and minimus
The iliac wing
134
Insertion of the gluteus minimus and medius
The greater trochanter of femur
135
Innervation of the hip abductors
Gluteal nerve (L5,S1)

Anatomy (5 decks)

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