MSK Flashcards
when does bone formation starts
6 weeks of embryo development
this is the menencymal skeleton
what is intramembranous ossification
within the membrane
what is endochondral ossification
within the cartilage
menencymal –> cart –> bone
what is calcification
tissue hardening
what is formed by intramembranous ossification
flat bones of the skull
most facial bones
mandible
medial part of the clavicle
what are between the bones of the skull
fonntanels - soft spots
what is ossification
the process in which bone form
4 steps:
initial formation
growth
remodeling
repair of bone
Compression and tension on bones is what
Weightbearing and muscle pull
Compression and tension: Appropriate intermediate force
long and appositional bone growth
Compression and tension: Decrease muscle pull
less bone growth and shorter limb length
Compression and tension: Excessive or constant loads
slowed bone growth or reabsorption of bone
Uneven forces across the growth plate lead to what
asy growth, angulation of bone (cave and vex)
what is the force of Torque on the bone
twisting or shearing of the long axis
what does torque do to the bone
Alter the rot shape of the bone
When do most epiphyseal plates close - female
14-16 AFAB
When do most epiphyseal plates close - male
17-18 AMAB
what is risser’s sign
this is a classification of skeletal maturity
what is a grade 1 risser sign
immature
what is a grade 5 risser signn
mature
around what age do most bone fuse
early teen to young adult
what is epihystis
this is the inflammation of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of the cart joining the epi to the plate
why is the growth plate a vulnerable place
this is a location of excessive stress and the plate can lead to pain and even bone remodeling
there is not much we can do about this type of pain
what is valgus extension overload
due to overhead throwing activities - young baseball players
rep to tissue that are still developing
causes pain and swelling over the medial epicondyle of the humerous at the elbow joint
what is osgood schaltters
inflammation of just below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches
effect the bottom part of the patella tendon