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MSK Flashcards

1
Q

when does bone formation starts

A

6 weeks of embryo development

this is the menencymal skeleton

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2
Q

what is intramembranous ossification

A

within the membrane

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3
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

within the cartilage

menencymal –> cart –> bone

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4
Q

what is calcification

A

tissue hardening

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5
Q

what is formed by intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones of the skull

most facial bones

mandible

medial part of the clavicle

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6
Q

what are between the bones of the skull

A

fonntanels - soft spots

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7
Q

what is ossification

A

the process in which bone form

4 steps:
initial formation

growth

remodeling

repair of bone

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8
Q

Compression and tension on bones is what

A

Weightbearing and muscle pull

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9
Q

Compression and tension: Appropriate intermediate force

A

long and appositional bone growth

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10
Q

Compression and tension: Decrease muscle pull

A

less bone growth and shorter limb length

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11
Q

Compression and tension: Excessive or constant loads

A

slowed bone growth or reabsorption of bone

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12
Q

Uneven forces across the growth plate lead to what

A

asy growth, angulation of bone (cave and vex)

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13
Q

what is the force of Torque on the bone

A

twisting or shearing of the long axis

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14
Q

what does torque do to the bone

A

Alter the rot shape of the bone

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15
Q

When do most epiphyseal plates close - female

A

 14-16 AFAB

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16
Q

When do most epiphyseal plates close - male

A

 17-18 AMAB

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17
Q

what is risser’s sign

A

this is a classification of skeletal maturity

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18
Q

what is a grade 1 risser sign

A

immature

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19
Q

what is a grade 5 risser signn

A

mature

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20
Q

around what age do most bone fuse

A

early teen to young adult

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21
Q

what is epihystis

A

this is the inflammation of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of the cart joining the epi to the plate

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22
Q

why is the growth plate a vulnerable place

A

this is a location of excessive stress and the plate can lead to pain and even bone remodeling

there is not much we can do about this type of pain

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23
Q

what is valgus extension overload

A

due to overhead throwing activities - young baseball players

rep to tissue that are still developing

causes pain and swelling over the medial epicondyle of the humerous at the elbow joint

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24
Q

what is osgood schaltters

A

inflammation of just below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches

effect the bottom part of the patella tendon

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25
what is sever disease
inflammation of the growth plate in the calcaneus
26
what is sinding larsens john syndrome
inflammation of just below the knee proximal part of the patellar tendon
27
normal alignment at infant 0-18
varus forces are falling on the medial side of the knee
28
normal alignment at baby 18-24
varus is gone normal aligment
29
normal alignment at child-1 3-4
valgus
30
normal alignment at child-2 8-10 years old
neutral
31
What contributes to early intoeing
Femoral anteversion, internal tibial torsion, metatarsal adductus
32
what is femoral anteversion
change is the orentaion of the femoral neck in the transverse plane anterversion larger
33
femoral anteversion at birth
30 -40
34
femoral anteversion with skeletal maturity
15 by skeletal adult marturity min changes occur after the age of 8
35
if you have excessive femoral anteversion do you have toe in or out
toe in
36
how long does it take of tibial torsion to plateau
10-15 yo
37
knock knees often seen in what population
neuro cerebral plasy
38
what is metatarsal adductus
elongated lateral side of the foot and the medial side is shorten often paired with tibial torsion the foot is more rigid expect indivduals to grow out of this - no intervention
39
what is club foot
also known as TEV foot is suck in PF and inverted (varus)
40
what is the score used to estimate club foot
pirani score
41
what age do we normally see metatarsal adductus
0 - 6 gait: in toeing
42
what age do we normally see internal tibial torsion
12- 18 months gait: in toeing
43
what age do we normally see increased femoral anteversion
3 -10 years gait: in toeing
44
hip rot at birth
because of anteversion this is a lot of anteversion at birth
45
how long do we see chnages in hip rot
10 -15
46
hip ER vs IR
kids have and lose a lot of ER not much IR to begin with so we do not lose that much
47
what is Ortolani
examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip clunk = positive
48
Barlow
instablity of the hip posterior subluxation looking for the hip to pop out of the socket
49
what are the mech reason for hip dys
small intrauterine space breech position fetal head against the mothers sacrum
50
physiological factors for hip dys
materal hormones > ligamentus laxity
51
environmental factors that lead to hip dys
strapping children LE in add and ext
52
what is non-conservative treatment for hip dys
peri acetablular osteotomy femoral osteotomy
53
what is SCFE
growth plate is damaged and the femoral head moves (“slips”) with respect to the rest of the femur
54
SCFE - acute
sig trauma that causes pain and blocks hip ABD and IR
55
SCFE - acute, chronic
the child has already experience pain in this region and then experience a trauma to this area and the epip slips father
56
SCFE - chronic
most common child has hx of limp or pain for weeks or months, and loss of hip ROM (abd and IR)
57
what is Legg-clave
ischemic necrosis at the center of ossification of the femoral head, medial femoral circumflex
58
what are the sym for Legg-clave
pain at the knee or the hip during activity, antalgic gait during stance time on effect limb, limited ROM abd and IR
59
conservative treatment of legg clave
mim WB max hip ROM bracing
60
non conservative treatment of legg clave
varus osteoomy - redirect the head of the femur towards the acetabulm
61
what are the most common prediaric fractures
elbow finger forearm - lower arm shoulder wrist
62
PT and fracture
PT is not often prescribe following fracture

Growth and Development (6 decks)

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