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Growth and Development > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

when does bone formation starts

A

6 weeks of embryo development

this is the menencymal skeleton

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2
Q

what is intramembranous ossification

A

within the membrane

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3
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

within the cartilage

menencymal –> cart –> bone

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4
Q

what is calcification

A

tissue hardening

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5
Q

what is formed by intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones of the skull

most facial bones

mandible

medial part of the clavicle

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6
Q

what are between the bones of the skull

A

fonntanels - soft spots

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7
Q

what is ossification

A

the process in which bone form

4 steps:
initial formation

growth

remodeling

repair of bone

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8
Q

Compression and tension on bones is what

A

Weightbearing and muscle pull

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9
Q

Compression and tension: Appropriate intermediate force

A

long and appositional bone growth

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10
Q

Compression and tension: Decrease muscle pull

A

less bone growth and shorter limb length

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11
Q

Compression and tension: Excessive or constant loads

A

slowed bone growth or reabsorption of bone

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12
Q

Uneven forces across the growth plate lead to what

A

asy growth, angulation of bone (cave and vex)

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13
Q

what is the force of Torque on the bone

A

twisting or shearing of the long axis

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14
Q

what does torque do to the bone

A

Alter the rot shape of the bone

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15
Q

When do most epiphyseal plates close - female

A

 14-16 AFAB

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16
Q

When do most epiphyseal plates close - male

A

 17-18 AMAB

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17
Q

what is risser’s sign

A

this is a classification of skeletal maturity

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18
Q

what is a grade 1 risser sign

A

immature

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19
Q

what is a grade 5 risser signn

A

mature

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20
Q

around what age do most bone fuse

A

early teen to young adult

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21
Q

what is epihystis

A

this is the inflammation of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of the cart joining the epi to the plate

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22
Q

why is the growth plate a vulnerable place

A

this is a location of excessive stress and the plate can lead to pain and even bone remodeling

there is not much we can do about this type of pain

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23
Q

what is valgus extension overload

A

due to overhead throwing activities - young baseball players

rep to tissue that are still developing

causes pain and swelling over the medial epicondyle of the humerous at the elbow joint

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24
Q

what is osgood schaltters

A

inflammation of just below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches

effect the bottom part of the patella tendon

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25
Q

what is sever disease

A

inflammation of the growth plate in the calcaneus

26
Q

what is sinding larsens john syndrome

A

inflammation of just below the knee

proximal part of the patellar tendon

27
Q

normal alignment at infant 0-18

A

varus

forces are falling on the medial side of the knee

28
Q

normal alignment at baby 18-24

A

varus is gone normal aligment

29
Q

normal alignment at child-1 3-4

A

valgus

30
Q

normal alignment at child-2 8-10 years old

A

neutral

31
Q

What contributes to early intoeing

A

Femoral anteversion,
internal tibial torsion,
metatarsal adductus

32
Q

what is femoral anteversion

A

change is the orentaion of the femoral neck in the transverse plane

anterversion larger

33
Q

femoral anteversion at birth

A

30 -40

34
Q

femoral anteversion with skeletal maturity

A

15 by skeletal adult marturity

min changes occur after the age of 8

35
Q

if you have excessive femoral anteversion do you have toe in or out

A

toe in

36
Q

how long does it take of tibial torsion to plateau

A

10-15 yo

37
Q

knock knees often seen in what population

A

neuro

cerebral plasy

38
Q

what is metatarsal adductus

A

elongated lateral side of the foot and the medial side is shorten

often paired with tibial torsion

the foot is more rigid

expect indivduals to grow out of this - no intervention

39
Q

what is club foot

A

also known as TEV

foot is suck in PF and inverted (varus)

40
Q

what is the score used to estimate club foot

A

pirani score

41
Q

what age do we normally see metatarsal adductus

A

0 - 6

gait: in toeing

42
Q

what age do we normally see internal tibial torsion

A

12- 18 months

gait: in toeing

43
Q

what age do we normally see increased femoral anteversion

A

3 -10 years

gait: in toeing

44
Q

hip rot at birth

A

because of anteversion this is a lot of anteversion at birth

45
Q

how long do we see chnages in hip rot

A

10 -15

46
Q

hip ER vs IR

A

kids have and lose a lot of ER

not much IR to begin with so we do not lose that much

47
Q

what is Ortolani

A

examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip

clunk = positive

48
Q

Barlow

A

instablity of the hip

posterior subluxation

looking for the hip to pop out of the socket

49
Q

what are the mech reason for hip dys

A

small intrauterine space

breech position

fetal head against the mothers sacrum

50
Q

physiological factors for hip dys

A

materal hormones > ligamentus laxity

51
Q

environmental factors that lead to hip dys

A

strapping children LE in add and ext

52
Q

what is non-conservative treatment for hip dys

A

peri acetablular osteotomy

femoral osteotomy

53
Q

what is SCFE

A

growth plate is damaged and the femoral head moves (“slips”) with respect to the rest of the femur

54
Q

SCFE - acute

A

sig trauma that causes pain and blocks hip ABD and IR

55
Q

SCFE - acute, chronic

A

the child has already experience pain in this region and then experience a trauma to this area and the epip slips father

56
Q

SCFE - chronic

A

most common

child has hx of limp or pain for weeks or months, and loss of hip ROM (abd and IR)

57
Q

what is Legg-clave

A

ischemic necrosis at the center of ossification of the femoral head, medial femoral circumflex

58
Q

what are the sym for Legg-clave

A

pain at the knee or the hip during activity, antalgic gait during stance time on effect limb, limited ROM abd and IR

59
Q

conservative treatment of legg clave

A

mim WB

max hip ROM

bracing

60
Q

non conservative treatment of legg clave

A

varus osteoomy - redirect the head of the femur towards the acetabulm

61
Q

what are the most common prediaric fractures

A

elbow

finger

forearm - lower arm

shoulder

wrist

62
Q

PT and fracture

A

PT is not often prescribe following fracture

Growth and Development (6 decks)

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