cradiopulm Flashcards
when does the cario system being to develope
19 of gestation
HB 8-10 weeks of gestation
heart transition to birth
closure of the foramen ovale, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosis
when does the pulm syst begin to develope
21 - 28 days gest
full maturation 18-20 yo
what part of the pulm system does not fully develop until we are full term
avelolar
lung transition to birth
fluid replaced by air
alvelio continue to grow in numbe and size - until 4 yo
lung continue to devlope until what age
18-20
first trimester what is developed
heart
2nd trimester what is developed
lungs
3rd trimester what is developed
brain
what is a congential heart defect
existing at brith
when the blood vessels near the heart or heart do not develop correctly
Congential heart defect two categories
cyanotic (blue babies)
and
a-cyanotic
cyanotic defect characteristics - direction of blood flow
right to left
cyanotic defect characteristics - condition of blood
de-oxy
cyanotic defect characteristics - cyanosis
present
acyanotic defect characteristics -direction of blood flow
left to right
acyanotic defect characteristics - condition of blood
oxy
acyanotic defect characteristics - cyanosis
absent
what are the type of cyanotic defects
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of the great arteries
tricuspid atresia
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
tetralogy of fallot
there is a hole between the lower chambers of the heart - aorta is above the whole
obstructs pathway between the heart and the lungs
hypertrophy of right lower chamber
transposition of the great arteries
two main arteries carrying blood away from the heart are reversed.
- body–heart –body (without being routed to the lungs for oxygen)
- lungs–heart–lungs (without delivering oxygen to the body)
tricuspid atresia
The valve isn’t formed between the two right heart chambers. Instead, a solid sheet of tissue blocks the blood flow between the right heart chambers
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
left side of the heart is extremely underdeveloped.
right side of the heart must pump blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body.
examples of acyan defects
coarctation of the aorta
arterial septal defect
ventricular septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus
coarctation of the aorta
A narrowing of the aorta that carries blood to the body.
- Decreased blood flow to the upper and lower extremities
- Causes high blood pressure and possibly heart damage over time
arterial septal defect
defect in the septum between the heart’s two upper chambers (atria)
oxygen-rich blood to leak into the oxygen-poor blood chambers in the heart
Infants may have poor appetite, impaired growth, shortness of breath, fatigue, and are at a higher risk for lung infections
ventricular septal defect
- hole occurs in the wall that separates the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles).
- Sx:
o Poor eating
o Slow or no physical growth (failure to thrive)
o Fast breathing or breathlessness
o Easy tiring
patent ductus arteriosus
A hole that allows the blood to skip the lung
- Allows oxy blood into the pulm vessel
- leads to: stress on the heart
- Sx: SOB, fatigue, rapid breathing
acute cyan - managed acyan
new born ribs
wide and flared
less lung compliance
adult ribs
enlongated
physiological difference adults and children ribs
decreased lung compliance
crease chest wall compliance
irregularity of the respiratory sys
decrease type 1 fibers in the diaphragm
decreased lung compliance
increased work of bretahing
crease chest wall compliance
small airway size –> increased risk of airway obstruction
irregularity of the respiratory sys
increased risk of apnea, brady, destruction events
decrease type 1 fibers in the diaphragm
respiratory infections
does HR increase or decrease with age
decrease
high - the volume that we are moving is low
does RR increase or decrease with age
decrease
does sBP increase or decrease with age
increase
does dBP increase or decrease with age
increase
new born HR
90-180
new born RR
30-50
new born sBP
60 +/- 10
new born dBP
37 +/- 10
0-3 chest wall development
triangular
pediatric condition with decreased activity
cerebral plasy
spina bifida
muscular dystrophy
spinal muscle atrophy
obesity
