MSK Flashcards
What is the role of the supraspinatus muscle?
Adbucts arm In first 20 degrees before deltoid
What is tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis
pain and tenderness localised to the lateral epicondyle
Pain worse on resisted wrist extension with the elbow extended or supination of the forearm with the elbow extended
What is golfers elbow?
Medial epicondylitis
Pain and tenderness localised to the medial epicondyle
Pain is aggravated with wrist flexion and pronation
Symptoms may be accompanied by numbness, tingling in the 4th and 5th finger due to ulnar nerve involvement
how long are abx given for in septic arthritis?
bnf states 4-6 weeks of flucloxacillin
What is seen on bloods in people with osteomalacia?
low vit D levels
low calcium, phosphate
raised ALP
How are extracapsular hip fractures managed?
stable intertrochanteric fractures: dynamic hip screw
if reverse oblique, transverse or subtrochanteric fracture: intramedullary device
how are undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures managed
internal fixation
What is the initial management of a suspected scaphoid fracture?
immobilisation with a futuro splint or standard below-elbow backslab
referral to ortho - clinical review with further imaging should be arranged for 7-10 days later when initial radiographs are inconclusive
what is the orthopaedic management of a confirmed scaphoid fracture?
depends on patient and type of fracture
undisplaced fracture of scaphoid waist: cast for 6-8 weeks, union is achieved in >95%,
displaced scaphoid waist fractures: requires surgical fixation
proximal scaphoid pole fractures: require surgical fixation
what is plantar fasciitis and how is it treated?
most common cause of heel pain seen in adults - usually worse around medial calcaneal tuberosity
management:
- rest the feet where possible
- wear shoes with good arch support and cushioned heels
- insoles and heel pads may be helpful
what is iliotibial band syndrome?
common cause of lateral knee pain in runners, occurring in around 1 in 10 people who run regularly
causes tenderness 2-3cm above lateral joint line
managed by active modification and iliotibial band stretches
if not improving then physio referral
what is de Quervain’s tenosynovitis?
common condition in which the sheath containing the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons is inflamed
it typically affects females aged 30-50
causes pain on radial side of wrist, tenderness over radial styloid process, abduction of thumb against resistance is painful
what is finkelsteins test?
examiner pulls the thumb of the patient in ulnar deviation and longitudinal traction - in a patient with tenosynovitis this action causes pain over the radial styloid process and along the length of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
what are the guidelines for post-menopausal women who have sustained a fracture?
should be started on bisphosphonates - no need for a DEXA scan
what is spondylolisthesis?
where vertebra moves more than they should - a vertebra slips out of place onto the vertebra below - it may put pressure on a nerve, which could cause lower back pain
