ID Flashcards
what is the management of HIV?
three drugs, typically two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and either a protease inhibitor or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
if you get a needlestick injury from a HIV positive patient what should you do?
oral antiretroviral therapy should be started within 72 hours of exposure for 4 weeks
what are the features of gonorrhoea?
males: urethral discharge, dysuria
females: cervicitis leading to vaginal discharge
what is the management of gonorrhoea?
single dose of IM ceftriaxone 1g
if ceftriaxone is refused e.g. needle-phobic then oral cefixime 400mg (single dose) + oral azithromycin 2g (single dose) should be used
what is the treatment of bacterial vaginosis?
oral metronidazole for 5-7 days
what are the amsel’s criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis?
3 of the following 4 criteria should be present:
- thin white homogenous discharge
- clue cells on microscopy
- vaginal pH > 4.5
- positive whiff test (addition of potassium hydroxide results in fishy odour)
What should all people with TB be offered?
HIV test
What is lymphogranuloma venereum?
Caused by chlamydia thrachomatis
typically infection compromises three stages:
- stage 1: small painless pustule which later forms an ulcer
- stage 2: painless inguinal lymphadenopathy
- stage 3: proctocolitis
what are the risk factors for lymphogranuloma venereum?
men who have sex with men
the majority of patients who present in developed countries have HIB
historically was seen more in the tropics
What causes adrenal insufficiency in patients with HIV?
Commonly due to cytomegalovirus-related necrotising adrenalitis
According to British Infection Association guidelines, what should you do if you suspect bacterial meningitis?
LP should be performed within 1 hour of arrival at hospital provided it is safe to do so
treatment should be commenced immediately after the LP has been performed and within the first hour
If the LP cannot be performed within 1 hour treatment should be commenced immediately after blood cultures have been taken and LP performed as soon as possible after that
What is the incubation period for staph aureus and how does it present?
1-6 hrs,
severe vomiting
short incubation period
what is the incubation period of bacillus cereus and how does it present?
within 1-6 hrs
two types of illness are seen:
- vomiting within 6 hours, stereotypically due to rice
- diarrhoeal illness occurring after 6 hrs
what is the incubation period of e. coli and how does it present?
12-48 hrs,
commonest amongst travellers
watery stools
abdo cramps and nausea
what is the incubation period of shigella and how does it present?
48-72 hrs
bloody diarrhoea
vomiting and abdo pain