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MEDA-110 and -115 > MS: Vocabulary > Flashcards

MS: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

bones

A

make up the body framework which protects and supports internal organs. they are complete organs composed of osseous tissue (osteocytes, collagen, and intercellular calcium salts) and a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves

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2
Q

ossification

A

bone formation

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3
Q

osteoblasts

A

immature osteocytes that produce bony tissue replaces cartilage

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4
Q

osteoclasts

A

large cells that reabsorb or digest bony tissue; aka bone phagocytes

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5
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft (middle region) of a long bone

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6
Q

epiphysis

A

long bone ends

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7
Q

epiphyseal line or plate

A

area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue; aka growth plate

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8
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of the bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis and adjacent to the epiphyseal plate

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9
Q

periosteum

A

strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers some bones except at the ends of the epiphyses

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10
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth, strong, slick tissue that covers the the end of the epiphyses of bones that meet other bones to form a joint

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11
Q

compact (cortical) bone

A

layer of hard dense bone that lies under the periosteum and located chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones

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12
Q

haversian canals

A

channel system in compact bone that contains blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products like CO2

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13
Q

cancellous bone (spongy or trabecular)

A

spongy latticework of trabeculae and red bone marrow found primarily in the epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in the middle portions of other bones

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14
Q

medullary cavity

A

tunnel in compact bone that contains yellow bone marrow is mostly fat cells

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15
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of all types of blood cells in red bone marrow

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16
Q

bone processes

A

enlarged areas that extend out from bones to serve as attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

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17
Q

bone depressions

A

openings or hollow regions that serve as connections between bones or passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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18
Q

bone head

A

rounded end of a bone

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19
Q

condyle

A

rounded knuckle-like process

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20
Q

epicondyle

A

small rounded process above the condyle

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21
Q

trochanters

A

large and small processes for tendon attachments

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22
Q

tuberosity (tubercle)

A

small round elevation where tendons and muscles attach

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23
Q

fissure

A

narrow groove or slit-like opening (orbital [eye socket])_

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24
Q

foramen

A

opening for blood vessels and nerves (foramen magnum of skull)

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25
Q

fossa

A

shallow cavity in or on a bone (olecranon fossa on humerus)

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26
Q

sinus

A

hollow cavity within bone (sinus)

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27
Q

sutures

A

cranial bone joints

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28
Q

fontanelles

A

soft spots of the skull which are gaps of unossified tissue in a newborn

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29
Q

frontal bone

A

cranial bone that forms the forehead and the roof of the eye bony sockets

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30
Q

parietal bone

A

cranial bones that form the roof and upper part of the cranium sides

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31
Q

temporal bone

A

cranial bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium and each encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining with the mandible

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32
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

connection between the temporal and mandibular bones

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33
Q

mastoid process

A

round process of the temporal bone behind the ear

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34
Q

styloid process

A

slender, cylindrical projection that points downward from the temporal bone

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35
Q

occipital bone

A

cranial bone that forms the back and base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones at a suture

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36
Q

foramen magnum

A

depression in the inferior portion of the occipital bone that houses the spinal cord

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37
Q

sphenoid bone

A

bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull because it joins the frontal, occipital, and ethmoid bones

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38
Q

sella turcia

A

sphenoid bone depression for the pituitary gland (turkish saddle)

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39
Q

ethmoid bone

A

thin, delicate bone comprised mostly of cancellous bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the eye sockets

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40
Q

nasal bones

A

2 slender bones that support the bridge of the nose and join with the frontal bone to make up part of the nasal septum

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41
Q

lacrimal bones

A

small thin bones at the inner corner of each eye that have fossae for the lacrimal gland and duct

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42
Q

maxillary bones

A

large bones that make up the massive upper jawbones and joined at a suture in the median plane

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43
Q

mandibular bone

A

lower jawbone (mandible) that joins the the temporal bones forming the TMJs

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44
Q

alveoli

A

teeth sockets in the maxillary and mandibular bones

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45
Q

zygomatic bones

A

bone that forms the high portion of the cheek

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46
Q

vomer

A

thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum (nose tip)

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47
Q

sinuses

A

air cavities located in various places within the cranial and facial bones to lighten the skull and warm and moisten the air as it passes through

48
Q

intervertebral disks

A

pads of cartilage between vertebrae

49
Q

vertebral body

A

inner, thick, round anterior portion of the vertebra

50
Q

vertebral arch

A

posterior portion of the vertebra consisting of a spinous process, transverse processes and a lamina connecting the processes

51
Q

neural/spinal canal

A

cavity between the vertebral body and arch through which the spinal cord passes

52
Q

facet joints

A

connection between the vertebrae that guide and limit spinal column movement

53
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone connects the sternum to a scapula

54
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade which is a flat, triangular bone on each dorsal side of the thorax

55
Q

acromion

A

scapula extension that joins with the clavicle

56
Q

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

joint formed by the acromion and clavicle

57
Q

sternum

A

breastbone which is flat and connects to most of the ribs

58
Q

manubrium

A

top portion of the sternum that connects to the clavicle and first 2 ribs

59
Q

xiphoid process

A

lowest portion of the sternum (sword)

60
Q

ribs

A

bones that make up the majority of the thoracic cage

61
Q

costal cartilages

A

cartilage attachments that join the first 7 pairs of ribs to the sternum

62
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1 thru 7 that join both with the spinal column and the sternum

63
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8 thru 10 which join at the spinal column and rib 7

64
Q

floating ribs

A

ribs 11 and 12 that are only joined to the spinal column

65
Q

humerus

A

upper arm long bone

66
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

formed by the large head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

67
Q

labrum

A

rim of fibrocartilage in between the humerus and the glenoid fossa

68
Q

rotator cuff

A

group of muscles and tendons surrounding the glenohumeral joint

69
Q

ulna

A

medial lower arm bone (forearm) aligned with the pinkie

70
Q

olecranon

A

the bony projection (pointy tip) of the ulna at the elbow

71
Q

radius

A

lateral lower arm bone in line with the thumb

72
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones; 2 rows of 4 bones comprise the wrist

73
Q

metacarpals

A

5 bones of the palm of the hand

74
Q

phalanges (phalanx-singular)

A

finger bones; each finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) and the thumb 2 (proximal, distal)

75
Q

pelvic girdle

A

pelvis which is a collection of bones that joins with the sacrum and articulates with the femur

76
Q

ilium

A

uppermost and largest portion of the pelvis that dorsally join on either side of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joints

77
Q

iliac crest

A

superior part of the ilium that is filled with red bone marrow and is the attachment point for abdominal wall, hip, and buttock muscles.

78
Q

ischium

A

inferior part of the pelvis

79
Q

pubis

A

anterior part of the pelvis consisting of 2 bones that are joined with a cartilaginous disk at the pubic symphysis

80
Q

pelvic cavity

A

region within the pelvic girdle that houses portions of the intestines, the urinary system and the reproductive organs for the female

81
Q

femur

A

thigh bone which is the longest bone in the body

82
Q

acetabulum

A

depression in the pelvis that is the socket for the hip joint

83
Q

hip joint

A

comprised of the head of the femur and the acetabulum

84
Q

patella

A

knee cap which is a small flat sesamoid bone that lies in front of the femur and tibia and is held in place by muscle attachments and protected by tendons

85
Q

tibia

A

shin bone which is the larger bone of the lower leg that runs down the front of the leg; proximally it joins with the femur and the patella and distally it is part of the ankle joint

86
Q

medial malleolus

A

bony prominence of the tibia that is part of the ankle joint

87
Q

fibula

A

smaller of the lower leg bones

88
Q

lateral malleolus

A

distal flared part of the fibula that makes up part of the ankle joint

89
Q

tarsals

A

7 bones of the middle and hind parts of the foot

90
Q

talus

A

first tarsal bone that along with the fibula and tibia make up the ankle joint

91
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone which is the largest of the tarsels

92
Q

metatarsals

A

5 midfoot bones

93
Q

phalanges of the toes

A

bones of the forefoot; each toe is comprised of 3 and the big toe 2

94
Q

calcium

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone

95
Q

joint (articulation)

A

coming together of 2 or more bones

96
Q

suture joints

A

immovable joint

97
Q

synovial joints

A

freely movable joints

98
Q

bursa (pl bursae)

A

sac of fluid near a joint which promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

99
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint which contains synovial fluid

100
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous fluid within the synovial cavity which is produced by the synovial membrane

101
Q

synovial membrane

A

tissue lining the synovial cavity which produces synovial fluid

102
Q

tendon

A

fibrous tissue which connects muscles to bones

103
Q

microdiskectomy

A

surgical procedure to remove fragments of herniated disc tissue, bone, and ligament to alleviate nerve pain

104
Q

striated muscles

A

voluntary or skeletal muscles that move all bones as well as controlling facial and eye movements that consist of fibrils and fascia

105
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary or visceral muscles that contract to move internal organs and consist of sheets of fibers that wrap around tubes and vessels

106
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated in appearance but smooth in action and consisting of branching fibers in the heart

107
Q

origin

A

point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone

108
Q

insertion

A

point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves

109
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones (bending)

110
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones (straightening)

111
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis (central point); internal-toward the center; external-away from the center

112
Q

dorsiflexion

A

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward

113
Q

plantar flexion

A

downward movement of the foot

114
Q

supination

A

hand and forearm: act of turning the palm up at the elbow
foot: outward roll of the foot during normal motion

115
Q

pronation

A

hand and forearm: act of turning the palm down at the elbow
foot: inward roll of the foot during normal motion

115
Q

pronation

A

hand and forearm: act of turning the palm down at the elbow
foot: inward roll of the foot during normal motion

116
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

MEDA-110 and -115 (27 decks)

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