MS: Pathology Flashcards
Ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bones, generally in children
exostosis
benign bony growth arising from the surface of the bone
osteochondromas
exostoses usually found on the metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plates
bunion; hallux valgus
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone
simple (closed) fracture
broken bone without broken skin
compound (open) fracture
fragment of a broken bone breaks through the skin
crepitus
crackling sound produced by ends of bones rubbing against each other or roughened cartilage
reduction
restoration of the bone to its normal position
closed reduction
manipulative reduction without surgical incision
open reduction
surgical incision to access fracture site and then manipulation
osteogenic sarcoma; osteosarcoma
common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents
osteomalacia
softening of bone due to inadequate amounts of mineral; rickets when it happens to a child
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to bacterial infection
abscess
walled off area of infection
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass)
osteopenia
condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal; sometimes precursor to osteoporosis
kyphosis
loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis that produces posterior curvature of the spine in the thoracic region
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot; example talipes equinovarus aka clubfoot – can’t stand on sole
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily of the spine
gouty arthritis; gout
inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (spurs) at articular surfaces
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, bones and tendons of the wrist
dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
herniation of an intervertebral disk; slipped disk
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
sciatica
pain radiating down the leg
lyme disease
chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise caused by a bacterium carried by a tick
sprain
trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments
strain
injury involving overstretching of muscle
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
pseudohypertrophy
enlargement of muscle
duchenne muscular dystrophy
pseudohypertrophy as fat replaces functional muscle cells that have degenerated and atrophied
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy possibly due to an autoimmune disorder
