MS: Pathology

Question 1

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 1

rare malignant tumor arising in bones, generally in children

Question 2

exostosis

Answer 2

benign bony growth arising from the surface of the bone

Question 3

osteochondromas

Answer 3

exostoses usually found on the metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plates

Question 4

bunion; hallux valgus

Answer 4

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Question 5

fracture

Answer 5

traumatic breaking of a bone

Question 6

simple (closed) fracture

Answer 6

broken bone without broken skin

Question 7

compound (open) fracture

Answer 7

fragment of a broken bone breaks through the skin

Question 8

crepitus

Answer 8

crackling sound produced by ends of bones rubbing against each other or roughened cartilage

Question 9

reduction

Answer 9

restoration of the bone to its normal position

Question 10

closed reduction

Answer 10

manipulative reduction without surgical incision

Question 11

open reduction

Answer 11

surgical incision to access fracture site and then manipulation

Question 12

osteogenic sarcoma; osteosarcoma

Answer 12

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

Question 13

osteomalacia

Answer 13

softening of bone due to inadequate amounts of mineral; rickets when it happens to a child

Question 14

osteomyelitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to bacterial infection

Question 15

abscess

Answer 15

walled off area of infection

Question 16

osteoporosis

Answer 16

decrease in bone density (mass)

Question 17

osteopenia

Answer 17

condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal; sometimes precursor to osteoporosis

Question 18

kyphosis

Answer 18

loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis that produces posterior curvature of the spine in the thoracic region

Question 19

talipes

Answer 19

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot; example talipes equinovarus aka clubfoot – can’t stand on sole

Question 20

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 20

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily of the spine

Question 21

gouty arthritis; gout

Answer 21

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid

Question 22

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 22

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (spurs) at articular surfaces

Question 23

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 23

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

Question 24

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 24

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, bones and tendons of the wrist

Question 25

dislocation

Answer 25

displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 26

subluxation

Answer 26

partial or incomplete dislocation

Question 27

ganglion cyst

Answer 27

fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

Question 28

herniation of an intervertebral disk; slipped disk

Answer 28

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Question 29

sciatica

Answer 29

pain radiating down the leg

Question 30

lyme disease

Answer 30

chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise caused by a bacterium carried by a tick

Question 31

sprain

Answer 31

trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments

Question 32

strain

Answer 32

injury involving overstretching of muscle

Question 33

muscular dystrophy

Answer 33

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Question 34

pseudohypertrophy

Answer 34

enlargement of muscle

Question 35

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 35

pseudohypertrophy as fat replaces functional muscle cells that have degenerated and atrophied

Question 36

polymyositis

Answer 36

chronic inflammatory myopathy possibly due to an autoimmune disorder