MS LEC Prelims Cardiac Cetheterization

Question 1

PCI

Answer 1

Percut Coron Inter….

Question 2

After the procedure

Answer 2

• BP and Apical pulse
• Check peripheral pulse
• Check for bleeding
• Assess for chest pain
  Keep extremity extended
• Assess for impaired circulation

Question 3

impaired circulation

Answer 3

• check capillary refill
• check extremities for pallor
• check for pain, pulse-lessness
• worst case: paralysis

Question 4

check for bleeding

Answer 4

• look at the intestine (there’s a pressure dressing in the area)

Question 5

pressure dressing

Answer 5

apply pressure: sandbag

Question 6

during the procedure: position

Answer 6

flat on bed for 6-8 hrs, they are only allowed to stand up after 24 hours

Question 7

Angina

Answer 7

(chest pain)
- related to coronary artery disease; usually effects the coronary artery disease

• Angina Pectoris
• Unstable Angina
• Prinzmetal

Question 8

Angina Manifestations

Answer 8

• Location
• Character of pain, ST elevation
• Duration
• Precipitating events

Question 9

Angina

Answer 9

Latin: chest pain

develops chest pain due to increased workload in response to supply and demand

Question 10

Angina Pectoris (stable)

Answer 10

chest pain due to exertion

duration does not last longer than 15 minutes and can usually be relieved by rest and medications

Question 11

Unstable Angina

Answer 11

something bad; may be a risk of a start of a heart attack

send to the hospital immediately

Question 12

prinzmetal

Answer 12

vasospastic

coronary artery develops vasospasms; usually not triggered by exertion; can happen anytime

Question 13

ECG changes

Answer 13

may present hypoxia

Question 14

stress test

Answer 14

treadmill test

run because stable angina pectoris is usually triggered by exertion

a cardiologist is always present

Question 15

stress test health teaching

Answer 15

NI: wear comfortable exercise clothes and bring rubber shoes, bring extra clothes

Question 16

stress test is not yet done until

Answer 16

hindi titigil until

• you get tired af
• they find what they’re looking for
• if you have a chest pain

Question 17

Nursing interventions: Assess pain

Answer 17

• Location
• Character
• Duration
• Precipitating factors

Question 18

Nursing Intervention: help px adjust lifestyle

Answer 18

• avoid excessive cold weather
• avoid overeating
• avoid constipation
• rest after meals
• exercise

Question 19

heartburn vs chest pain

Answer 19

heartburn is usually associated with hyperacidity

Question 20

Drugs for cardiovascular problems

Answer 20

some drugs demand workload and causes venous dilation = less ang dugo na bumabalik sa heart thus lower heart rate; also increases supply, increase coronary blood flow, coronary vasodilation

Question 21

Nursing Intervention: teach client how to cope one Nitroglycerin

Answer 21

• when to take it
• how often
• storage
• side effects
• types

Question 22

Nitroglycerin: when to take it

Answer 22

chest pain; exertion

Question 23

Nitroglycerin: how often

Answer 23

rest; tolerance happens when you frequently take it

Question 24

Nitroglycerin: storage

Answer 24

only has 3 months shelf life; store in airtight moisture free containers; put in desicant that absorbs moisture

Question 25

Nitroglycerin: side effects

Answer 25

burning, HIA

Question 26

Nitroglycerin: types

Answer 26

based on: IV nitrates, topical nitrates, and oral nitrates

Question 27

Nitrates

Answer 27

increases demand and increases supply; decreases after load

Question 28

Nitroglycerin: IV nitrates

Answer 28

used as emergency drugs usually for management of myocardial infraction

Question 29

Nitroglycerin: topical

Answer 29

usually ointment and patc, can be put anywhere as long as its clean and no hair

Question 30

Nitroglycerin: oral or sublingual

Answer 30

rest first then take orally

Question 31

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 31

acute coronary syndromes

triggers cardiac muscle death

Question 32

Myocardial Infarction: causes

Answer 32

• ASHD; athosclerotic heart disease

- coronary artery embolism

Question 33

Myocardial Infarction: ASHD

Answer 33

athosclerotic heart disease

- this is usually the trigger