MS General Math Terms Flashcards
Vocabulary Review of General Terms
Absolute Value
the distance between the number and 0 on a number line
acute triangle
a triangle with 3 acute angles
additive identity property
The sum of a number and zero is always that number.
additive inverse property
The sum of a number and its opposite is zero.
Algebraic Expression
math phrase that uses variables, numbers and operation symbols
annual interest rate
the percent of the principal you pay or earn a year
area
the number of square units needed to cover a flat surface
Associative Property of Addition
changing the grouping of terms will not change the sum, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c); ex: (5+3) + 1 = 5 + (3 + 1)
Associative Property of Multiplication
States that changing grouping of factors does not change the product. (a*b)c = a(b*c); ex: (2 * 6) * 7 = 2 * (6 * 7)
bar graph
a type of graph in which the lengths of bars are used to represent and compare data in categories
box and whisker plot
a diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and upper and lower extremes.
center
the point in the exact middle of a circle
circle
is the set of all points that are an equal distance from a point called the center
circumference
The distance around a circle.
Coefficient
A number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression; a constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic
commutative property of addition
In a sum, you can add terms in any order, a + b = b + a
Commutative Property of Multiplication
Changing the order of the factors does not change the product; for example 10 x 9 = 9 x 10; a * b = b * a
complimentary angles
angles that add up to 90 degrees
composite
a number that has more than two factors
congruent angles
angles with the same measure
Constant
Numeric value that does not change
Coordinate Plane (Coordinate Grid)
The plane formed by 2 number lines that intersect at their zero points dividing the plane into 4 quadrants; A coordinate system formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis.
diameter
the distance across a circle through its center (is also twice the radius)
discount
a decrease in the price of an item
Distributive Property
a property indicating a special way in which multiplication is applied to addition of two or more numbers in which each term inside a set of parentheses can be multiplied by a factor outside the parentheses, such as a(b + c) = ab + ac; ex: 4(3 + 8) = 4(3) + 4(8)
equilateral triangle
a triangle with three equal sides
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that name the same amount or part, 1/2 and 2/4 are equivalent fractions
experimental probability
probability based on what happens when an experiment is actually done
Exponent
The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor
Factor
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together; 3 is a factor of 9
favorable outcome
the outcome you would perfer happen.
Fraction Form
Specific form of representing ratios - examples - a/b or 2/3 (denominator cannot be zero)
frequency table
A table that lists items together according to its interval which is the number of times, or frequency, that the items occur http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2044/2353314675_5573442c74.jpg
Function
An input-output relationship that has exactly one output for each input; An equation written with two variables where only one output exists for each input; example: y = 2x +1
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
The largest common factor of two or more given numbers; The GCF of 27 and 45 is 9.
histogram
A bar graph where the bars touch, where the height of each bar indicates its frequency, and where data is grouped into intervals http://farm2.staticflickr.com/1146/671776081_2e2a57d957.jpg
hypotenuse
the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle, also the longest side of a right triangle
Improper Fraction
A fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator; examples: 5/5 or 7/4
Inequality
A statement that compares two quantities using greater than, less than, or equal to
integers
Positive and Negative Whole Numbers and 0
interest
is the amount paid for borrowing or lending money
Inverse Operation
operations that undo each other, such as addition and subtraction
Inverse Property
The operation which undoes an operation - the opposite operation: subtraction is the inverse of addition, addition is the inverse of subtraction; division is the inverse of multiplication, multiplication is the inverse of division, square root is the opposite of squaring a number
Irrational Number
a real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number, written as a/b
isosceles triangle
a triangle with two equal sides
least common denominator
The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
The smallest number, other than zero, that is a multiple of two or more given numbers; The LCM of 10 and 18 is 90.
legs
the two sides that make up the right angle in a right triangle
Like Terms
Expressions that contain the same variables to the same power
line of symmetry
a line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other
Linear Equation
An equation whose solutions form a straight line on a coordinate plane; example: y = 3x - 1
markup
the amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store is paid for the item
mean
the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values in the set
median
is the middle value in a data set where the numbers are ordered least to greatest
mode
is the value in a data set that occurs most often. If all values occur the same amount of times there is no mode for that set.
multiple
skip-counting by any given number
Multiple
the product of a quantity by an integer; example 24 is a multiple of 3 and 8
multiplication identity property
The product of any number and one is that number.
Multiplicative Inverse
The reciprocal of a number.
net
a two-dimensional pattern that forms a three-dimensional solid when formed
Numerical Expression
An expression that contains only numbers and operations (2 ? 3) + 1
obtuse triangle
a triangle with one obtuse angle
odds
the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur. Favorable over Unfavorable.
Opposites
two numbers that have the same absolute value but have different signs
Order of Operations
the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction
Ordered Pair
a pair of numbers that can be used to locate a point in a coordinate plane. The first number is the x-coordinate, and the second number is the y-coordinate
Origin
The point where the x-axis and y-axis intersect on the coordinate plane; (0, 0).
parallel lines
two lines that never intersect
parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
percent
a ratio whose denominator is 100
perfect square
a number that has a whole number for a square root ex: 9, 16, 121
perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon
perpendicular lines
two lines that intersect to form a right angle
pie graph
a graph that best shows part of a whole or the percentage out of 100%
Prime Factorization
A number written as the product of its prime factors; examples: 10 = 2 ? 5, 24 = 2^3 ? 3 (^3 means the 3 is written smaller and to the upper right of 2).
prime number
A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.
principal
the original amount of money loaned or borrowed
probability of an event
number of favorable outcomes divided by total number of possible outcomes
Product
a quantity obtained by multiplication; the answer to a multiplication problem
Proportion
statement that two fractions or ratios are equal
Pythagorean Theorem
aý+bý=cý
Quadrant
The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four regions. Each region is called a quadrant.
Quotient
the number obtained by division; the ratio of two quantities to be divided; the answer to a division problem
radius
a line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle (is also half the diameter)
range
is the difference of the greatest value and the least value in a set of data.
rate
a ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units
Ratio
A comparison of two quantities, may be directly represented by numbers and or variables
Ratio Form
Specific form of representing ratios - examples - a:b or 2:3
Rational Number
A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0; an integer or a fraction; examples: 6 can be expressed as 6/1; 0.5 can be expressed as 1/2.
Real Number
all rational or irrational numbers; real numbers can be represented on the real number line
Reciprocal
(mathematics) one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2; a fraction that has been flipped. The reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3.
reflection
A transformation that “flips” a figure over the x or y axis
Repeating Decimal
A decimal in which one or more digits repeat infinitely; The repeating portion of the decimal is shown with a short line drawn over the repeating numbers.
rhombus
a parallelogram with four equal sides
right triangle
A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.
rotation
a transformation that turns the original figure around the origin 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise or counter clockwise
Scale
the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it
scale factor
the number used to enlarge or reduce similar figures
scalene triangle
a triangle with no equal sides
scientific notation
a method of writing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10
Sequence
An ordered list or numbers; example: 2,4,6,8,10…
Similar
same shape, but different size
similar figures
figures that have the same shape but different sizes; their angles are congruent and their sides are proportional
slope
the steepness of a line on a graph, rise over run
slope intercept form
y = mx + b
stem and leaf plot
A data display that shows groups of data arranged in order by place value.
supplementary angles
angles whose sum is 180 degrees
surface area
The total area of the 2-dimensional surfaces that make up a 3-dimensional object.
Term
the number or an expression that is separated by addition and subtraction signs
Terminating Decimal
A decimal number that ends or terminates; example: 6.75
theoretical probability
what should occur in a probability experiment…an experiment is not actually done
translation
moves each point in a figure the same distance and direction, the new image is congruent to the original
trapezoid
a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides
unit rate
a rate that has a denominator of 1
Variable
a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity; in the expression 2x + 3, x is the variable
Verbal Ratio Form
Specific form of representing ratios - examples - a to b or 2 to 3
vertical angles
a pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines
volume
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object
x-intercept
the point where a graph crosses the x-axis
y-intercept
the point where a graph crosses the y-axis
