MS Flashcards
What are 3 main phases in menstrual cycle?
What days occur?
Follicular phase = days 1-13/14
Ovulation = days 13/14
Luteal phase = days 14-28
What occurs during luteal phase?
Follicle collapses
Granulosa cells increase size
Becomes corpus luteum
What do granulosa cells secrete?
Oestrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
What does the granulosa become during luteal phase?
Corpus luteum
What occurs to the corpus luteum if the egg is not fertilised?
Undergo apoptosis
What triggers apoptosis?
Menstruation
What is the corpus luteum called if it collapses?
Corpus albicans
What marks end luteal phase?
Collapse of corpus luteum into corpus albicans
What are main uterine phases? (3)
Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
Day 5-14 Proliferative Phase
Day 15-28 Secretory phase
What days does the: occur
Menstrual
Proliferative
Secretory
Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
Day 5-14 Proliferative Phase
Day 15-28 Secretory phase
What hormone change leads to endometrial degeneration?
Withdrawal progesterone
What occurs day 1-5 (menstrual phase)?
Withdrawal progesterone lead endometrial degeneration
What occurs day 5-14 (proliferative phase)?
Oestrogen from granulosa cells and theca cells cause endometrium thicken
Stimulate myometrium
Stimulate progesterone receptor generation in endometrium
What do granulosa and theca cells secrete during proliferative phase?
Effect?
Oestrogen
Endometrium thickens
What stimulates thickening of endometrium?
Oestrogen secretion from granulosa and theca cells
What are 3 layers of uterus?
Endometrium- inner
Myometrium- middle
Perimetrium- outer
Label
What does oestrogen stimulate in proliferative phase? (3)
1) Endometrium thickens
2) Stimulates myometrium (middle)
3) Stimulate progesterone receptor generation in the endometrium
What are 4 phases of menstruation cycle?
Menstrual phase
Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase
When does menstrual phase occur?
Egg isn’t fertilised
What hormones fall in menstrual stage?
Oestrogen and progesterone
What hormone changes occur in follicular phase?
FSH increases
Function of FSH in follicular phase?
Stimulate ovaries produce follicles
What stimulates release FSH?
Hypothalamus signals pituitary gland to release FSH
When is lining of uterus thickened?
Follicular phase
What do rising oestrogen lvls in follicular phase trigger?
Pituitary gland to release LH
What does the follicle turn into if the egg is released?
Corpus luteum
What hormones does the corpus luteum release?
Progesterone and oestrogen
Function of progesterone and oestrogen?
Uterine lining kept thick- ready fertilised egg to implant
What hormone is produced if pregnant?
Production hCG
Function of hCG?
Maintain corpus luteum
Keep uterine lining thick
What is avg length of luteal phase?
14 days
What are the 4 phases of menstrual cycle?
Outline cycle
1) Menstruation- shed thicken lining
2) Follicular phase- start ovulate, 1 egg matures
3) Ovulation- mature egg down falopian tube
4) Luteal phase- follicle produces hormones- thicken
ripen uterus
What stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary?
GnRH from hypothalamus
What does GnRH stimulate?
From where?
GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary
What does LH surge cause?
Ovulation- day 14
What causes ovulation?
Surge in LH
What does corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone and estrogens
Is follicular or luteal phase first?
Follicular then luteal
How does high oestrogen effect mucus secretion?
Function?
High oestrogen- clear, abundant, watery secretion
Sperm movement and implantation
What is effect of progesterone and oestrogen on mucus?
Function?
Progesterone and oestrogen- thick and sticky
Stop bacteria entering
Offer protection to implanted egg
