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MS Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 main phases in menstrual cycle?
What days occur?

A

Follicular phase = days 1-13/14
Ovulation = days 13/14
Luteal phase = days 14-28

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2
Q

What occurs during luteal phase?

A

Follicle collapses
Granulosa cells increase size
Becomes corpus luteum

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3
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete?

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin

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4
Q

What does the granulosa become during luteal phase?

A

Corpus luteum

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5
Q

What occurs to the corpus luteum if the egg is not fertilised?

A

Undergo apoptosis

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6
Q

What triggers apoptosis?

A

Menstruation

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7
Q

What is the corpus luteum called if it collapses?

A

Corpus albicans

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8
Q

What marks end luteal phase?

A

Collapse of corpus luteum into corpus albicans

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9
Q

What are main uterine phases? (3)

A

Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
Day 5-14 Proliferative Phase
Day 15-28 Secretory phase

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10
Q

What days does the: occur
Menstrual
Proliferative
Secretory

A

Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
Day 5-14 Proliferative Phase
Day 15-28 Secretory phase

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11
Q

What hormone change leads to endometrial degeneration?

A

Withdrawal progesterone

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12
Q

What occurs day 1-5 (menstrual phase)?

A

Withdrawal progesterone lead endometrial degeneration

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13
Q

What occurs day 5-14 (proliferative phase)?

A

Oestrogen from granulosa cells and theca cells cause endometrium thicken
Stimulate myometrium
Stimulate progesterone receptor generation in endometrium

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14
Q

What do granulosa and theca cells secrete during proliferative phase?
Effect?

A

Oestrogen
Endometrium thickens

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15
Q

What stimulates thickening of endometrium?

A

Oestrogen secretion from granulosa and theca cells

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16
Q

What are 3 layers of uterus?

A

Endometrium- inner
Myometrium- middle
Perimetrium- outer

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17
Q

Label

A
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18
Q

What does oestrogen stimulate in proliferative phase? (3)

A

1) Endometrium thickens
2) Stimulates myometrium (middle)
3) Stimulate progesterone receptor generation in the endometrium

19
Q

What are 4 phases of menstruation cycle?

A

Menstrual phase
Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase

20
Q

When does menstrual phase occur?

A

Egg isn’t fertilised

21
Q

What hormones fall in menstrual stage?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

22
Q

What hormone changes occur in follicular phase?

A

FSH increases

23
Q

Function of FSH in follicular phase?

A

Stimulate ovaries produce follicles

24
Q

What stimulates release FSH?

A

Hypothalamus signals pituitary gland to release FSH

25
Q

When is lining of uterus thickened?

A

Follicular phase

26
Q

What do rising oestrogen lvls in follicular phase trigger?

A

Pituitary gland to release LH

27
Q

What does the follicle turn into if the egg is released?

A

Corpus luteum

28
Q

What hormones does the corpus luteum release?

A

Progesterone and oestrogen

29
Q

Function of progesterone and oestrogen?

A

Uterine lining kept thick- ready fertilised egg to implant

30
Q

What hormone is produced if pregnant?

A

Production hCG

31
Q

Function of hCG?

A

Maintain corpus luteum
Keep uterine lining thick

32
Q

What is avg length of luteal phase?

A

14 days

33
Q

What are the 4 phases of menstrual cycle?
Outline cycle

A

1) Menstruation- shed thicken lining
2) Follicular phase- start ovulate, 1 egg matures
3) Ovulation- mature egg down falopian tube
4) Luteal phase- follicle produces hormones- thicken
ripen uterus

34
Q
A
35
Q

What stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary?

A

GnRH from hypothalamus

36
Q

What does GnRH stimulate?
From where?

A

GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary

37
Q

What does LH surge cause?

A

Ovulation- day 14

38
Q

What causes ovulation?

A

Surge in LH

39
Q

What does corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone and estrogens

40
Q
A
41
Q

Is follicular or luteal phase first?

A

Follicular then luteal

42
Q

How does high oestrogen effect mucus secretion?
Function?

A

High oestrogen- clear, abundant, watery secretion
Sperm movement and implantation

43
Q

What is effect of progesterone and oestrogen on mucus?
Function?

A

Progesterone and oestrogen- thick and sticky
Stop bacteria entering
Offer protection to implanted egg

Reproduction (11 decks)

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