Mrs H bio 5 Mass Transport in Animals

Question 1

what is the structure of a capillary?

Answer 1

thin endothelial layer only, Small diameter to create lots of friction

Question 2

what is the uses of the capillaries?

Answer 2

exchange materials between blood and tissues

Question 3

name 4 adaptations of the capillaries?

Answer 3

single cell thick: decreases diffusion distance
branched: increases surface area
narrow: reduces flow rate giving more time for diffusion + ensures RBC in contact with wall to give short diffusion pathway
permeable: substances can pass in/out

Question 4

what is the 4 components of the structure of the arteries?

Answer 4

endothelial layer, elastic layer, muscle layer, outer layer

Question 5

how is the endothelial layer of an artery adapted for its functions?

Answer 5

one cell thick to reduce friction

Question 6

how is the elastic layer if an artery adapted for its function?

Answer 6

stretches and recoils under pressure
stops pressure getting too high

Question 7

how id thee muscle layer of the artery adapted for its function?

Answer 7

contracts to maintain pressure

Question 8

what does the outer layer of the artery do?

Answer 8

gives support and strength

Question 9

what are the components of the structure of the arterioles?

Answer 9

muscle layer and elastic layer

Question 10

what are the adaptations of the muscle layer of the arterioles?

Answer 10

thinner than the artery but still relatively thick
contracts to limit blood flow to organs

Question 11

what are the adaptations of the elastic layer of the arterioles?

Answer 11

thinner than artery as blood is at lower pressure

Question 12

what are the components of the structure of the vein?

Answer 12

endothelial layer, elastic layer, muscle layer, valves

Question 13

what are the adaptations of the endothelial layer of the vein?

Answer 13

one cell thick and reduces friction

Question 14

what are the adaptations of the elastic layer of the vein?

Answer 14

very thin as blood pressure is low. no need to stretch and recoil

Question 15

what are the adaptations of the muscle layer of the vein?

Answer 15

very thin- no need to contract as all blood -> heart

Question 16

what are the adaptations of the valves in the veins?

Answer 16

reduce back Flow of blood

Question 17

in blood that is travelling in the arteries what is the pressure like?

Answer 17

high

Question 18

what will happen to the water potential of a solution if more solute is added?

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

what are the names of the 3 blood vessels associated with the liver?

Answer 19

hepatic artery, hepatic vein, hepatic portal vein

Question 20

what are the names of the 3 blood vessels associated with the kidney?

Answer 20

renal artery and vein

Question 21

what are cells in a tissue surrounded by?

Answer 21

numerous spaces filled by tissue fluid formed from water and dissolved nutrients

Question 22

what two forces act across the capillary wall and affect the movement of fluid into and out of the capillary?

Answer 22

hydrostatic pressure and water potential

Question 23

what happens at the arterial end of the capillary?

Answer 23

the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is higher than the hydrostatic pressure of the tissue fluid so blood plasma (water and dissolved molecules) is pushed out of the capillary and tissue fluid is formed

Question 24

what happens at the venous end of the capillary?

Answer 24

the water potential of the blood (mainly due to plasma proteins) is lower than the water potential of the tissue fluid so water potential difference creates a force pulling water back into the capillary venous end

Question 25

what does tissue fluid contain?

Answer 25

glucose, amino acids, urea, ions, water

Question 26

why does the blood at the venue end have a low water potential

Answer 26

high conc of protein, low conc of fluid

Question 27

how does the tissue fluid re-enter the blood stream?

Answer 27

osmosis

Question 28

what happens to any excess liquid that doesn’t return to the capillary?

Answer 28

the lymph vessel drains away any excess liquid

Question 29

what remains in the blood stream once the tissue fluid has been forced out?

Answer 29

protein

Question 30

what causes the water potential in the capillary to lower?

Answer 30

water has passed out with the tissue fluid and the proteins are left in the capillary

Question 31

explain the role of the heart in the formation of tissue fluid

Answer 31

the ventricles contract