Mr P bio 2 proteins and lipids

Question 1

what is the monomer for protein?

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

what is the group- within the structure of an amino acid- containing the elements NH2?

Answer 2

amine group

Question 3

what is the group- within the structure of an amino acid- containing the elements CO2H?

Answer 3

carboxylic group

Question 4

what is the group- within the structure of an amino acid- containing the element H?

Answer 4

hydrogen group

Question 5

what is the group- within the structure of an amino acid- that differs depending on the amino acid?

Answer 5

the variable group (R group)

Question 6

draw the full structure of an amino acid

Answer 6

(search for reference)

Question 7

draw the simplified structure of an amino acid

Answer 7

(search for reference)

Question 8

what is formed when 2 amino acids bond?

Answer 8

dipeptide

Question 9

what is formed when more than 2 amino acids bond?

Answer 9

polypeptide

Question 10

what reaction occurs when bonding two amino acids?

Answer 10

a condensation reaction

Question 11

what is the name of the bond formed between two amino acids?

Answer 11

peptide bond

Question 12

name 3 examples of proteins in the body

Answer 12

any 3 from: enzymes, hormones, antibodies, keratin, haemoglobin, collagen, platelets, DNA, most muscles, carrier proteins

Question 13

What are the three bonds in the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 13

Ionic, disulphide bridges and hydrogen

Question 14

What are disulphide bridges?

Answer 14

Covalent bonds which form between two sulphur containing R groups found in cystine amino acids. The sulfur atom in one cystine bonds the sulfur atom in another cyatine

Question 15

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 15

Weak bonds that form between oppositely charged R groups

Question 16

Where is a peptide bond found?

Answer 16

Carboxyl group between amino acids

Question 17

What are the two types of lipids?

Answer 17

Triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 18

What do triglycerides consist of?

Answer 18

One molecule of glycerol linked to three more fatty acids

Question 19

What are the bonds in lipids called and which group do they form between

Answer 19

Ester bonds that form between hydroxyl groups

Question 20

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 20

Saturated= no double bonds (saturated with hydrogen)
Unsaturated= can have double bonds

Question 21

What is a fatty acid with one double bond called and what is one called with more than one double bond?

Answer 21

1= mono saturated
More than 1= polyunsaturated

Question 22

What happens to the acidity of a triglyceride molecule if ur is hydrolysed and why?

Answer 22

Increases as it is breaking down the fatty ACIDS

Question 23

What does phospholipid contain?

Answer 23

Phosphate, one glycerol and 2 fatty acids

Question 24

Which part of phospholipid is hydrophobic and which is hydrophilic?

Answer 24

Hydrophobic= glycerol head
Hydrophilic= fatty acid tail

Question 25

What do phopholides make up?

Answer 25

The cell membrane and form a double membrane

Question 26

describe how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids to form a dipeptide (2)

Answer 26

condensation reaction occurs which involves the loss of water.
the peptide bond forms between the amine and carboxyl groups

Question 27

describe how the secondary structure of a polypeptide is produced by bonds between amino acids (2)

Answer 27

hydrogen bonds form between amine and carboxyl group which then form beta pleated sheetsor a helix

Question 28

what does a buffer solution do?

Answer 28

resists a pH change

Question 29

describe how a triglyceride molecule is formed (3)

Answer 29

one glycerol and three fatty acids
condensation reaction and removal of 3 water molecules
ester bonds formed

Question 30

describe how the structure of glycogen is related to its function (4)

Answer 30

branched so compact
polymer of glucose so easily hydrolyzed
branched so more ends for faster hydrolysis
glucose so provides respiratory substrate for energy
insoluble so isn’t easily lost from cells + doesn’t affect osmosis

Question 31

which element is present in amino acids but not in fatty acids?

Answer 31

nitrogen

Question 32

what is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 32

the order of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain- this is a polymer

Question 33

what is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 33

sequence of amino acids causes the protein molecule to bend into a helix or beta pleated sheet held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 34

what is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 34

further folding of the secondary structure which forms a unique 3D shape held by ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bridge bonds

Question 35

what is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 35

a protein made up of more than one polypeptide chain, e.g. haemoglobin

Question 36

what causes a change in the amino acid sequence?

Answer 36

mutations- a change in the DNA sequence will code for a different amino acid

Question 37

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 37

Adenosine triphosphate