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MRCS study > MRCS May 4/52 > Flashcards

MRCS May 4/52 Flashcards

1
Q

what nerve roots contribute to radial nerve

A

C5 to T1

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2
Q

which cell phase does RNA synthesis occur in

A

G1 and G2

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3
Q

what happens in G0 phase of cell cycle

A

resting phase

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4
Q

what phase does p53 halt cell progress?

A

p53 halts cells from going into S phase

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5
Q

what neurotransmitter is secreted carcinoid cells

A

serotonin

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6
Q

what is the diagnostic test for carcinoid syndrome

A

raised levels of urinary 5-HIAA (metabolite of serotonin)

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7
Q

which muscle splits to form anterior and posterior rectus sheath?

A

internal oblique

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8
Q

what is kocher’s incision

A

3cm away and parallel from costal margin, ideal for cholecystectomy

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9
Q

what layers are gone thru in a kocher’s incision

A 
skin, subcut fat, scarpas fascia
medially: ant. rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, post. rectus sheath. 
laterally : EO IO TA
transversalis fascia
preperitoneal fat
peritoneum
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10
Q

layers traversed in a midline laparotomy incision?

A

skin, subcut fat, scarpa’s fascia
linea alba
trasversalis fascia, preperitoneal fat, peritoneum

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11
Q

surface marking for gallbladder?

A

at the intersection of linea semilunaris and the costal margin at the 9th costal cartilage

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12
Q

what incision used for gastric surgery

A

double kocher (rooftop) incision

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13
Q

what is gridiron’s incision, what is it used for, how to incise,

A

aka mcburney’s incision, used for appendicectomy, at mcburney’s point, 90deg to line from asis to umbilicus .

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14
Q

what to watch out for in using gridiron’s incision

A

iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerve and deep circumflex artery

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15
Q

what is the course of iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve

A

exit their nerve roots and travel laterally along iliac crest, along inguinal ligament and into the pubic region

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16
Q

what kind of groin hernia is more common in children

A

indirect

17
Q

in who are direct inguinal hernias more common

A

male adults

18
Q

what is the order of commonness of groin hernia in adult females

A

indirect > femoral > direct

19
Q

difference between midinguinal point and midpoint of inguinal ligament

A

midpoint of inguinal ligament = midpoint of ASIS and pubic tubercle, deep inguinal ring found here

midinguinal point is midway from ASIS to pubic symphysis; femoral artery lies here

20
Q

what is the attachments of the lateral and medial crus of superficial inguinal ring? what forms the base of the superficial inguinal ring

A

laterally - pubic tubercle
medially - pubic crest
floor = pubic crest

21
Q

what is at the medial boundary of the deep inguinal ring

A

inf. epigastric artery

22
Q

what forms the spermatic cord?

A

internal spermatic fascia - transversalis fascia
cremasteric fascia - internal oblique + transversus abdominis
external spermatic fascia - external oblique

23
Q

contents of inguinal canal in male

A

3 arteries - testicular, vas, cremasteric
3 nerves - testicular, genital branch of genitofemoral, iliinguinal
3 veins - testicular, cremasteric, pampiniform plexus
lymph drainage to para-aortic nodes

24
Q

what forms ceiling of inguinal canal

A

laterally formed by transversus abdominis, joined by internal oblique to form conjoint tendon at medial end, arches over to strength posterior wall behind superficial ring

25
Q

what forms anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

external oblique mostly, strengthened lateraly by internal oblique

26
Q

what forms posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

mostly transversalis fascia, strengthened medially by conjoint tendon

27
Q

Indications for surgical repair of popliteal aneurysm

A

Symptomatic - claudication, pain, limb ischaemia

Asymptomatic - thrombus (risk of embolisation)

28
Q

Deficit in which factor causes christmas disease? What is it AKA?

A

Factor 9 - aka haemophilia B

29
Q

Between UC and crohns, which is more likely to have gallstones and kidney stones

A

Crohns

30
Q

Def in which electrolyte can cause impaired parathyroid hormone secretion?

A

Hypomagnesaemia

31
Q

What lvl is the origin of hepatic portal vein found at

A

Transpyloric plane - L1

32
Q

Most common malignant testicular malignancy?

A

Seminoma - 40%

33
Q

What tumor marker is used in seminoma?

A

BHCG

34
Q

What tumor marker is used in teratoma?

A

AFP

35
Q

MOA of ketoconazole?

A

Inhibits biosynthesis of ergosterol

36
Q

MOA of nystatin and amphotericin B

A

Interacts with membrane ergosterol to affect membrane permeability

37
Q

What heart issues is associated with carcinoid syndrome

A

Right heart valve lesions - TR, TS, PS

38
Q

Why is a pyllodes breast tumor?

A

Fast growing stromal cell tumour in breast, 50% benign

39
Q

What bloods will be abnormal in compartment syndrome?

A

high ck, high K, high P, high uric acid, metabolic acidosis

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