MRCS May 4/52 Flashcards
what nerve roots contribute to radial nerve
C5 to T1
which cell phase does RNA synthesis occur in
G1 and G2
what happens in G0 phase of cell cycle
resting phase
what phase does p53 halt cell progress?
p53 halts cells from going into S phase
what neurotransmitter is secreted carcinoid cells
serotonin
what is the diagnostic test for carcinoid syndrome
raised levels of urinary 5-HIAA (metabolite of serotonin)
which muscle splits to form anterior and posterior rectus sheath?
internal oblique
what is kocher’s incision
3cm away and parallel from costal margin, ideal for cholecystectomy
what layers are gone thru in a kocher’s incision
skin, subcut fat, scarpas fascia medially: ant. rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, post. rectus sheath. laterally : EO IO TA transversalis fascia preperitoneal fat peritoneum
layers traversed in a midline laparotomy incision?
skin, subcut fat, scarpa’s fascia
linea alba
trasversalis fascia, preperitoneal fat, peritoneum
surface marking for gallbladder?
at the intersection of linea semilunaris and the costal margin at the 9th costal cartilage
what incision used for gastric surgery
double kocher (rooftop) incision
what is gridiron’s incision, what is it used for, how to incise,
aka mcburney’s incision, used for appendicectomy, at mcburney’s point, 90deg to line from asis to umbilicus .
what to watch out for in using gridiron’s incision
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerve and deep circumflex artery
what is the course of iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve
exit their nerve roots and travel laterally along iliac crest, along inguinal ligament and into the pubic region
what kind of groin hernia is more common in children
indirect
in who are direct inguinal hernias more common
male adults
what is the order of commonness of groin hernia in adult females
indirect > femoral > direct
difference between midinguinal point and midpoint of inguinal ligament
midpoint of inguinal ligament = midpoint of ASIS and pubic tubercle, deep inguinal ring found here
midinguinal point is midway from ASIS to pubic symphysis; femoral artery lies here
what is the attachments of the lateral and medial crus of superficial inguinal ring? what forms the base of the superficial inguinal ring
laterally - pubic tubercle
medially - pubic crest
floor = pubic crest
what is at the medial boundary of the deep inguinal ring
inf. epigastric artery
what forms the spermatic cord?
internal spermatic fascia - transversalis fascia
cremasteric fascia - internal oblique + transversus abdominis
external spermatic fascia - external oblique
contents of inguinal canal in male
3 arteries - testicular, vas, cremasteric
3 nerves - testicular, genital branch of genitofemoral, iliinguinal
3 veins - testicular, cremasteric, pampiniform plexus
lymph drainage to para-aortic nodes
what forms ceiling of inguinal canal
laterally formed by transversus abdominis, joined by internal oblique to form conjoint tendon at medial end, arches over to strength posterior wall behind superficial ring
