MRCPsych Paper B - Child Flashcards
Heritability of ADHD (%)
70-80%
*risk of ADHD in siblings is 2-3x increased
At what age are 99% of children dry by day
5yo
Blockade of this receptor leads to reduction of vocal and motor tics in Tourette’s
D2
Pediatric manic episodes typically presents as…
mixed or atypical features - irritability, labile mood, and behavioral problems
drug treatment of choice for uncomplicated Tourette syndrome in the pediatric age group
clonidine
most common psychiatric emergency seen in child and adolescent population
suicidal behavior
NICE recommendations for stepped care treatment to pediatric depression
First line: fluoxetine, only when psychological therapy is ineffective
Second line: sertraline and citalopram.
AVOID: paroxetine, venlafaxine, TCA
Rett Syndrome inheritance
x-linked dominant
almost exclusively female
initially normal development
progressive loss of acquired skills starting 1-4yo
> purposeful hand movements, spoken language, gait disturbance
stereotypical hand movements, autism, ataxia, facial grimacing, teeth-grinding, irregular respiration (apnea, breath holding, hyperventilation), scoliosis, seizures, initial/ intermediate insomnia, excessive daytime sleep
most common psychiatric comorbidity associated with Asperger’s syndrome
depression
Pica typically occurs at what age group
2-3yo
Pedia patient + uncoordinated movement of limbs + history of fever and sore throat
Sydenham chorea
*rheumatic fever, group A strep
most common cause of comorbidity in pediatric bipolar disorder
53% ADHD
*
42% ODD
27% conduct disorder
23% anxiety disorder
09% substance use disorder
most common comorbidity in Tourette syndrome
ADHD 55% and OCD 50%
*ASD 20%
First line treatment for adolescent inhalant abuse
multimodal - psychotherapy and programs. No known pharmacotherapy
First line treatment for OCD in children
CBT
First line medication in pediatric ADHD
methylphenidate
most common age for school refusal
11yo
percentage of school-aged children affected by developmental dyslexia
4%
most important predictors of delinquency (Cambridge study)
antisocial child behavior
ADHD
low IQ and poor school attainment
family criminality
family poverty
poor parental child rearing behaviour
Pediatric age group where prevalence of depression in males and females are euqivalent
prepubertal
genetic aetiology most increases risk of parents having a second child with Down syndrome
translocation
rate of self-harm in teenagers who identify as Goth
50%
child with developmental disturbance + MRI hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis
autism spectrum disorder
most common inherited cause of ID
fragile X syndrome
most common positive symptoms found in childhood onset schizophrenia
auditory hallucination 95%
*visual hallucinations 80%, delusions 60%
most common comorbidities with ASD
80% ID
40-84% anxiety disorders
30-50% ADHD
OCD
tics
most common comorbidities in pediatric ADHD
70% learning disorders
59% ASD
55% tics/ Tourette
50% ODD
50% depression
47% bipolar
35% anxiety disorders
10% conduct disorders
very early onset schizophrenia or childhood onset schizophrenia occurs before what age
13yo
Heller syndrome - how many years of normal development before marked regression in several areas of functioning
2y
*aka Childhood disintegrative
scale for epidemiological study as a screening tool of caseness among school children before further diagnostic procedure
Strengths and difficulties questionnaire