Moves towards Totalitarianism

Question 1

How many employees did the Cheka have by 1919?

Answer 1

100,000

Question 2

Actions to show that Cheka had enormous power:

Answer 2

After 1918: could arrest, imprison, torture or execute anyone under suspicion

Question 3

What event sparked Lenin’s decision to start the Terror?

Answer 3

His survival of an assassination by an SR, Faya Kaplan

Question 3

how many people were killed by Cheka between 1918 - 1920

Answer 3

12,000

Question 4

how did the Bolsheviks find these ‘class enemies’

Answer 4

called on workers to report anyone who made any remarks against Soviets or government

Question 5

How did The Cheka help in the civil war?

Answer 5

• They kept army discipline by shooting any deserters
• As Red won back White controled area: Cheka sent into back into White areas to execute anyone suspected of supporting / helping the Whites

Question 6

how was Terror used in the Red army

Answer 6

Cheka short deserters thy recaptured

Question 7

over which time time period did the Red Terror last

Answer 7

September 1918 - February 1919

Question 8

what major city did the Kronstadt navel base guard

Answer 8

Petrograd

Question 9

which major events did the Kronstadt siler fight in that helped the Bolsheviks rise to power

Answer 9

• February Revolution
• July Days
• October Revolution

Question 10

When was the Kronstadt mutiny?

Answer 10

28th February 1921

Question 11

why was the Kronstadt mutiny a shock to the Bolsheviks

Answer 11

used to fight for the Bolsheviks

Question 12

Why did the Kronstadt sailors mutiny?

Answer 12

• Sick of War Communism
• Sick of food requisition
• Unhappy about the Red Terror
• Wanted more political freedom - freedom of speech + press for left-wing socialist parties

Question 13

How did Trotsky sort out the mutiny?

Answer 13

• sent 50,000 of the Red Army to fight the sailors
• defeated the sailors on the 17th of March
  The Cheka executed 500 sailors.

Question 14

What was the main consequence of the Kronstadt Mutiny?

Answer 14

• The Bolsheviks no longer had security in their military control of Petrograd
• mutiny undermined their claim to be acting for the working classes and peasants
• increase in protests against Bolshevik dictatorship and calls for “soviets without Bolsheviks” ensued

Question 15

what did the Bolsheviks call themselves from 1918

Answer 15

Communist Party

Question 16

what did the Communist Party believe in

Answer 16

believe that the state should control the economy, society, and culture on Soviet Union from the centre (complete control)

Question 17

What was the lowest tier of the Communist party hierarchy?

Answer 17

Membership

Question 18

What was the highest tier of the Communist party hierarchy

Answer 18

Politburo - consisting of Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev in 1919

Question 19

what was the job of the Politburo

Answer 19

makes big decisions for the party

Question 20

What were the two middle tiers of the Communist party hierarchy?

Answer 20

• Party Congress - decides policies of the party
  *elected to —–>
• Central Committee - runs different areas of the party.

Question 21

What were the three tiers of the Soviet government?

Answer 21

Local soviets —-> elected to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets *makes national laws) —> elected to Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) - runs government departments

Question 22

which members could stand in elections

Answer 22

ONLY Communist Party members

Question 23

how did the Soviet Union become a centralised dictatorship

Answer 23

in reality Communist party determined actions of Soviet government:
*All-Russian Congress of Soviets**: simply agreed to whatever gov. told it to do

Question 24

which parties was the USSR intially made up of:

Answer 24

• Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR)
• Ukraine Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukraine SSR)
• Belorussian SSR
• Transcaucasian SSR