Jenner and Vaccination

Question 1

when was the smallpox epidemic

Answer 1

1837 - 40

Question 2

what was Jenner’s theory

Answer 2

• often treated milkmaids for cowpox
• they never seems to catch smalled pox

Question 3

when did Jenner infect someone with cowpox

Answer 3

1796

Question 4

who was the boy Jenner infected with cowpox and was it succesfull

Answer 4

James Phipps
did not catch smallpox –> tested with more locals

Question 5

when did Jenner publish his findings and what was it called

Answer 5

1798 - An Enquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variola Vaccinae
- included detailed instructions so others could follow

Question 6

why was Jenner’s discovery not totally scientific / accepted (give 2)

Answer 6

• not able to explain why or how it worked –> made people suspicious
• infecting people with an animal diseases was extremely strange –> lots of people were against it

Question 7

why did the government promote Jenner’s smallpox vaccination

Answer 7

• safer + more reliable compared to inoculation
• cheaper - recipients did not need to be put into quarantine –> whereas inoculation had risk of spreading smallpox to others

Question 8

when did the government make smallpox vaccinations compulsory

Answer 8

1852

Question 9

why was there opposition to Jenner’s work from The Church and Inoculators

Answer 9

• Church: using animal infection in human medical trials is against God’s will
• Inoculators : business destroyed –> use money + position to print negative things about vaccinations

Question 10

what was the short term impact of the smallpox vaccine

Answer 10

• save many lives
• very popular overseas
• but vaccination slower to become popular in Britain –> due to anti-Jenner propaganda from inoculators
• in 1803, Royal Jennerian Society set up –> by 1804 , 12,000 British people vaccinated

Question 11

by 1800 how many people worldwide had been vaccinated

Answer 11

100,000

Question 12

what was the society named after Jenner called and when was it founded

Answer 12

1803 - Royal Jennerian Society

Question 13

long term impact of smallpox vaccination

Answer 13

• 1979, WHO (World Health Organisation) announced extinction of smallpox
• work inspired Pasteur + Koch to search of other vaccinations
• no other vaccines discovered –> one-off coincidence –> others unable to develop vaccine