Movements of the Knee

Question 1

Knee Joint Consists of

Answer 1

Femorotibial and Patellofemoral joints in 1 capsule

Question 2

Physiological movements of knee

Answer 2

flexion, extension, medial/lateral rotation (when flexed)

Question 3

Knee Accessory Movements

Answer 3

glide, roll, spin

Question 4

Screw Home Mechanism

Answer 4

Knee can ‘lock’ at end range extension to conserve energy when standing (femur rotates medially on tibia)

Question 5

Screw Home Mechanism in open chain (extending knee when sitting)

Answer 5

lateral rotation of tibia on femur (by quadriceps)

Question 6

Fixed Flexion Deformity

Answer 6

Line of centre of gravity passes posteriorly to knee joint, causing it to be in flexion (quads have to work harder)

Question 7

Hyperextension (Resting Hyperextension)

Answer 7

Line of centre of gravity passes anteriorly to knee joint (some have pain some dont)

Question 8

Valgus Knee Alignment (Genu Valgum)

Answer 8

Distal Femur/ proximal tibia more adducted than usual (knees bend in)
Larger Q-angle

Question 9

Varus Knee Alignment (Genu Varum)

Answer 9

Distal Femur/proximal tibia more abducted than usual (knees bend out)
Lower Q-angle

Question 10

Extrasynovial Ligaments

Answer 10

Retinaculum, LCL, MCL, Popliteal Ligaments

Question 11

Capsulitis

Answer 11

Joint capsule becomes inflamed and thickened

Question 12

Medial/Lateral Retinaculum Attactments/Limits

Answer 12

A: Med./Lat. aspects of patella and patellar tendon/ligament
P: ITB, collateral ligaments
Limits: lateral/medial patellar glide

Question 13

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) attachments

Answer 13

P: Medial epicondyle of femur
D: Superior medial tibia

Question 14

What does MCL limit

Answer 14

Genu Valgum

Question 15

MCL is assisted by

Answer 15

Pens Anserinus

Question 16

Pens Anserinus

Answer 16

Common insertion of gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus

Question 17

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) attachments

Answer 17

P: Lateral epicondyle femur
D: Superior lateral fibula

Question 18

What does LCL limit

Answer 18

Genu Varum

Question 19

LCL is assisted by…

Answer 19

ITB (Iliotibial Band)

Question 20

Extracapsular Popliteal Ligaments/what do they limit

Answer 20

Arcuate, Oblique Popliteal
Limit screw home mechanism

Question 21

Intrasynovial Ligaments

Answer 21

ACL, PCL

Question 22

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Attachments

Answer 22

P: posterior part of medial surface of lateral femoral condyle
D: Anterior intercondylar area of tibia

Question 23

ACL Limits:

Answer 23

Hyperextension, anterior tibial glide on femur, posterior femoral glide on tibia, posterior rolling of femoral condyles, internal rotation of tibia on femur

Question 24

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) attachments

Answer 24

P: Anterior part of lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
D: Posterior intercondylar area of tibia

Question 25

PCL Limits:

Answer 25

hyperflexion, posterior tibial glide on femur, anterior femoral glide on tibia, anterior rolling of femoral condyles

Question 26

Medial Meniscus Attachments

Answer 26

A: Anterior intercondylar area of tibial plateau anterior to ACL
P: Posterior intercondylar area on tibial plateau anterior to PCL

Question 27

Medial Meniscus Function

Answer 27

Shock absorption, deepen articulation, accommodate rolling/rotation of femoral condyles

Question 28

Lateral Meniscus Attachments

Answer 28

A: Intercondylar fossa on tibial plateau close to posterior attachment of lateral meniscus
P: Intercondylar fossa close to anterior attachment of lateral meniscus

Question 29

Lateral Meniscus Function

Answer 29

deepen the articulation,
absorb shock and
migrate to accommodate rolling and rotation of the femoral condyles

Question 30

How many bursae in knee

Answer 30

12

Question 31

Infrapatellar Fat Pad Location/Function

Answer 31

Intracapsular, Extrasynovial
Absorbs shock

Question 32

What runs through popliteal fossa

Answer 32

Popliteal Artery/Vein
Tibial Nerve
Common Fibular Nerve (exits earlier)