Lower Leg Flashcards
Tibiofibular Joints (Name, Type of Joint)
Proximal (Synovial)
Distal (Fibrous/Syndesmosis)
Bones of the Foot (how many tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)
7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
Tarsals of the foot
Talus (superior),
Calcaneus (posterior),
Navicular (medial),
Cuboid (lateral),
3 Cuneiforms (anterior)
Plantarflexors of the Leg
Gastrocnemius (Medial/Lateral Head)
Soleus
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius Attachments
P (Lateral Head): Lateral condyle of femur
P (Medial Head): Posterior femur, superior to medial condyle
D: Calcaneal Tendon, Posterior surface of calcaneus
Gastrocnemius Action/NS
A: Knee Flexion/Ankle Plantarflexion
NS: Tibial Nerve
Soleus Attachments
P: Posterior head of fibula, soleal line, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
D: Calcaneal tendon, posterior surface of calcaneus
Soleus Action/NS
A: Ankle plantarflexion
NS: Tibial
Plantaris Action/NS
A: Weak plantarflexor
NS: Tibial
Another name for Calcaneal tendon
Achilles Tendon
Popliteus Attachments
P: Lateral Condyle of Femur
D: Posterior tibia, superior to soleal line
Popliteus Action/NS
A: Unlocks knee
NS: Tibial
Tibialis Posterior Attachments
P: Interosseous Membrane, posterior tibia/fibula
D: Tuberosity of navicular and across plantar surface of foot (cuneiform, cuboid, calcaneus) to base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
Tib. Posterior Action/NS
A: Ankle plantarfexion/inversion
NS: Tibial
Flexor Digitorum Longus Attachments
P: Medial posterior tibia
D: Plantar surface of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Flexor Digitorum Longus Action/NS
A: Flexion of lateral 4 toes, ankle plantarflexion
NS: Tibial
Flexor Hallucis Longus Attachments
P: Posterior fibula and inferior interosseous membrane
D: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Flexor Hallucis Longus Action/NS
A: Flexion of hallux, weak ankle plantarflexor
NS: Tibial
Fibularis Longus Attachments
P: Head and Superior 2/3 of lateral fibula
D: Plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Fib. Longus Action/NS
A: Ankle eversion and plantarflexion
NS: Superficial Fibular
Fib. Brevis Attachments
P: Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibula
D: Lateral surface of base of 5th metatarsal
Fib. Brevis Action/NS
A: Ankle eversion/plantarflexion
NS: Superficial Fibular
Ankle Evertors
Fib. Longus and Brevis
Dorsiflexors of Foot
Tib. Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Tertius
Tib. Anterior Attachments
P: Lateral condyle, superior half of lateral tibia and IOM (interosseous membrane)
D: Medial/plantar surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Tib. Anterior Action/NS
A: Ankle dorsiflexion/inversion
NS: Deep Fibular
Extensor Hallucis Longus Attachments
P: Middle part of anterior fibula and IOM
D: Dorsum of distal phalanx of hallux
Extensor Hallucis Longus Action/NS
A: Ankle dorsiflexion and hallux extension
NS: Deep Fibular
Extensor Digitorum Longus Attachments
P: Lateral condyle of tibia, superior fibula and IOM
D: Dorsum of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Extensor Digitorum Longus Action/NS
A: Ankle dorsiflexion/extension of digits 2-5
NS: Deep fibular
Fib. Tertius Attachments
P: Inferior anterior fibula and IOM
D: Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Fib. Tertius Action/NS
A: Ankle dorsiflexion/eversion
NS: Deep Fibular
Extensor Retinaculum Structure/Function
Consists of Superior/Inferior Band
Pulley System
