Movements Flashcards
What is the Filioque Controversy?
Photius declared all of west heretical for adding word “filioque” (and from the son) to the Nicene Creed.
What is the background to the Filioque controversy?
- Photius and Ignatius both claimed to be Patriarch of Constantinople
- turned to Pope Nicholas for support
- he supported Ignatius
- Photian Schism
What is the theological background to the Filioque controversy?
- Nicene creed states the spirit proceeds from the Father (which does not specify if spirit does or does not proceed from Son)
- In East starts with threeness of God - moves to unity - emphasis on Father as originator
- In East: from the Father, through the Son
- In West: Spirit proceed from Father and Son
When was the Photian Schism (related to Filioque controversy)?
867
Why is the Filioque controversy important to church history?
- Gave rise to the Apostle’s creed, as to not offend either party of the Filioque controversy
- Added weight to tensions between East and West, leading to the schism of 1054
What is Cluny?
In response to papal failures, Cluny, a monastery, was founded
Who founded and led Cluny?
Founder: Duke William III of Aquitaine
Leader: Berno, a monk
When and where was Cluny founded?
909 - East Central France
What were the beliefs of Cluniacs?
(3)
1) Against Simony
2) Against Clerical marriage
3) Re-ordering of society (monastery becoming more integrated into society)
What was Cluny like?
(4)
- Monks main jobs: Adoration & Intercession (Divine Office)
- Neglected: Physical labor
- Criticized the rich, but had huge amounts of wealth
- In theory for the poor, but not in practice
Why is Cluny important to church history?
(2)
Cluny reform spread to other monasteries
Reforms ultimately failed because the wealth made them too interested in power
What is Conciliarism?
Conciliar theory: universal council representing entire church has more authority than one pope
What is the background to Conciliarism?
(3)
- church in bad state in 14th and 15th century, lead to movements to reform.
- Popes living large, needing lots of money
- Two popes in 1378 (after death of Gregory XI)
In the background to Conciliarism, what was the result / implication of Popes living lavishly?
(4)
1) Vacancy
2) Indulgences
3) Simony
4) Pluralism (person holding more than one bishopric)
What and when was the Council that Conciliarism is known for?
Council of Constance gathered in 1414-1418
