Essays Flashcards
Development of Monasticism
Outline (7)
1) Anthony (251-356) - Anchorite - Egypt -
2) Pachomius (290-346) - Cenobite - Egypt - founded first monastic communities
3) Cappacodians (329-379) - Macrina and Basil - Eastern Monasticism
4) Benedict of Nursia (480-547) - the “Rule” - Divine Order - Western Monasticism
5) Cluny (910) - saw messed up state of church and corruption, embraced Rule, but not physical labor and caring for poor - network of monasteries - transform church too - became too into wealth
6) Cisterian- (1098) - Robert of Molesme - monastic reform -
7) Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1159) - Cisterian monk who became a famous preacher
Mendicant Orders
Outline (2)
1) Francis of Assisi - Franciscans - poverty main thing
2) Dominic de Guzman - Dominicans - Poverty means to strengthen witness, study main thing
Sacrament of Penance
Outline (9)
1) Penance 3 steps
2) Distinctions in sin (Mortal sin and Venial sins)
3) Early church: Works of satisfaction BEFORE forgiveness
4) Medieval times: Works of satisfaction AFTER forgiveness, but then purgatory
5) Contrition V Attrition
6) God accepts attrition and turns it into contrition
7) Works of Satisfaction (Purgatory, Indulgences, Monasticism (more meritorious under vow))
8) You can loose salvation
9) Baptism of penance
Scholasticism
Outline (6)
1) Theology of the schools
2) Anselm - Ontological argument & Why God became Man
3) Abelard - “Method of the schools” - Sic et Non
4) Lombard - “Master of Sentences”
5) Aquinas - Aristotle, 5 ways, knowledge
6) Occam - Nominalism - power
Late Medieval Reform Efforts
(4)
1) Conciliarism
2) John Wycliffe
3) John Huss
4) Devotio Moderna
Goals: return to early church ways and pursue Christian perfectionism
Vibes: gather in houses, like apostles, common religious observance, still immersed in society, rejects academics, embraces piety
Main things:
1) vernacular
2) collations (preaching for edification and bible study)
3) Fraternal Correction
Apostolic Fathers and apologists tell us about concerns of the early church?
Outline (6)
1) Justin Martyr
2) Irenaeus
3) Tertullian
4) Clement & Origen
5) Cyprian
6) THESIS: Concerned about making Christianity palatable and combating heresy, all while trying to work out major questions of faith
Trinitarian Controversies
Outline (8)
1) Concern: Is Jesus co-equal with the Father? Or a created creature?
2) Arius
3) Eusebius of Nicomedia
4) Alexander - Logos not creature, for church does not worship a creature
5) Council of Nicea
6) Athanasius
7) Gregory of Nazianzus
8) Council of Constantinople
Human merit and salvation
Definitions (6)
1) Question: What kind of contribution do humans make to salvation?
2) Meritorious defintion: A work of humanity, acomplished with divine assistance, contributes to salvation
3) Good works: Moral works that conform to an en ethical norm, but not contribute to salvation
4) Two different types of merit
1. Merits of condignity - some proportion of justice between works done and reward given
2. Merits of congruity - reward unrelated to greatness of work
5) All Agree: In a state of sin, impossible to do good works that are morally good and religiously meritorious
6) Disagree: Whether good works can work retroactively, once in a state of grace - making the works thus meritorious later?
Human Merit and Salvation
Schools of thought
Outline (4)
1) Augustinians: (God pardons and accepts only because of God’s liberality)
(no, no, yes, Congruity only)
2) Thomists: (good works moral, but not love)
(Yes/No, No, Yes, Both)
3) Old Franciscans: (In state of sin, God gives preparatory grace, prepares us for effective grace) God moves toward us, we move toward God
(yes, congruity [finish race], yes, condignity)
4) New Franciscans: (God intends to save people who are doing their very best)
(yes [providential grace], congruity, yes, condignity)
Christological Controversies
Outline (7)
1) Apollinaris - Logos takes place of human spirit, but body remains. Can’t have two souls. Jesus doesn’t have human will
2) Alexandrine: Divine present in Christ, at cost of human
3) Antiochene: Human present in Christ, at cost of divinity
4) Nestorius (Antiochene) - declared savior “two natures, two persons”
5) Eutyches (Alexandrine) - savior of one substance with father but not of one substance with us
6) Leo 1 - Tertullian influenced - “two natures in one person”
7) Council at Chalcedon - Ruled in favor of Leo I - Definition of Faith - “unmixed, unchanged, undivided, inseparable”
Carolingian Theological Issues
Outline (5)
1) Adoptionism - Jesus so good, adopted by God, we can too
2) Perpetual virginity of Mary - Jesus not born vaginally?
Rad: Jesus comes miraculously
Rat: Jesus born normally, mary still virgin
3) Predestination
Rad: God predestines through foreknowledge
Rat: Augustinian - out mercy, God elects some
4) Eucharist
Rad: Really body and blood
Rat: Only mysteriously, not really
5) Filioque Controversy
