Movement into and out of cells Flashcards
concentration
how much solute is dissolved in solution
solute
substance that is dissolved
solvent
substance that dissolves the solute
solution
mixture of solutes and solvents
what is diffusion
the net movement of particles from an area of their hight concentration to an area of their low concentration, down their concentration gradient, downhill, because of their random movement
diffusion is a
passive transport (no extra energy needed), they already have energy, kinetic energy because of the random movement of the molecules and ions
how does SA affect diffusion
the larger the surface area, the faster and higher rate of reaction, because there is more space for them to diffuse in
how does distance affect diffusion
the larger the distance, the slower the rate of reaction, because they have to travel longer distances to reach equilibrium
how does temperature affect diffusion
the higher the temperature, the faster the rate of reaction, because, it gives kinetic energy
how does concentration gradient affect diffusion
the larger the concentration gradient, the higher the rate of diffusion, as there are more particles to diffuse
what is osmosis known as
water diffusion
what is osmosis
the net movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential, aka down the concentration, passing through a semi permeable membrane to reach equilibrium
when you have a low water potential
you have a high solute concentration (a concentrated solution) therefore, the water molecules will move to a place that has high solute concentration to reach equilibrium
isotonic solutions
when the cell is stable and the water potential is at equlibrium
hypertonic solutions
when the cells have a high solute concentration and it becomes turgid as water diffuses in
hypotonic solutions
when the cells have a low solute concentration and it becomes flaccid or plasmolysed as the water diffuses out
distilled water
causes plant cells to swell while salt water causes plant cells to shrink
osmosis is a
passive transport, no extra energy is needed
what is the turgor pressure
when the plant cells are supported because of the pressure of water inside of the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall making it turgid
what is the importance of osmosis
the uptake and loss of water by organisms
what is active transport
the net movement of particles from and area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, aka against the concentration gradient, uphill, with the help of carrier proteins, using ATP energy produced in the mitochondria from respiration
active transport is
the movement of particles or molecules or ions across a membrane
importance of active transport in plants
plants have root hair cells that have a larger SA for more absorption of nutrients and water, some of these nutrients have higher concentrations inside of the cells than outside, but they need all of the the nutrients, so with the help of carrier proteins and ATP energy, the cell menages to get all of the them by active transport
protein carriers
help to move these molecules or ions across the membrane during active transport
to find SA =
length x width x number of sides
to find volume =
length x width x height
to find the ratio
SA : V
