Movement into and out of cells

Question 1

concentration

Answer 1

how much solute is dissolved in solution

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

substance that is dissolved

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

substance that dissolves the solute

Question 4

solution

Answer 4

mixture of solutes and solvents

Question 5

what is diffusion

Answer 5

the net movement of particles from an area of their hight concentration to an area of their low concentration, down their concentration gradient, downhill, because of their random movement

Question 6

diffusion is a

Answer 6

passive transport (no extra energy needed), they already have energy, kinetic energy because of the random movement of the molecules and ions

Question 7

how does SA affect diffusion

Answer 7

the larger the surface area, the faster and higher rate of reaction, because there is more space for them to diffuse in

Question 8

how does distance affect diffusion

Answer 8

the larger the distance, the slower the rate of reaction, because they have to travel longer distances to reach equilibrium

Question 9

how does temperature affect diffusion

Answer 9

the higher the temperature, the faster the rate of reaction, because, it gives kinetic energy

Question 10

how does concentration gradient affect diffusion

Answer 10

the larger the concentration gradient, the higher the rate of diffusion, as there are more particles to diffuse

Question 11

what is osmosis known as

Answer 11

water diffusion

Question 12

what is osmosis

Answer 12

the net movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential, aka down the concentration, passing through a semi permeable membrane to reach equilibrium

Question 13

when you have a low water potential

Answer 13

you have a high solute concentration (a concentrated solution) therefore, the water molecules will move to a place that has high solute concentration to reach equilibrium

Question 14

isotonic solutions

Answer 14

when the cell is stable and the water potential is at equlibrium

Question 15

hypertonic solutions

Answer 15

when the cells have a high solute concentration and it becomes turgid as water diffuses in

Question 16

hypotonic solutions

Answer 16

when the cells have a low solute concentration and it becomes flaccid or plasmolysed as the water diffuses out

Question 17

distilled water

Answer 17

causes plant cells to swell while salt water causes plant cells to shrink

Question 18

osmosis is a

Answer 18

passive transport, no extra energy is needed

Question 19

what is the turgor pressure

Answer 19

when the plant cells are supported because of the pressure of water inside of the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall making it turgid

Question 20

what is the importance of osmosis

Answer 20

the uptake and loss of water by organisms

Question 21

what is active transport

Answer 21

the net movement of particles from and area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, aka against the concentration gradient, uphill, with the help of carrier proteins, using ATP energy produced in the mitochondria from respiration

Question 22

active transport is

Answer 22

the movement of particles or molecules or ions across a membrane

Question 23

importance of active transport in plants

Answer 23

plants have root hair cells that have a larger SA for more absorption of nutrients and water, some of these nutrients have higher concentrations inside of the cells than outside, but they need all of the the nutrients, so with the help of carrier proteins and ATP energy, the cell menages to get all of the them by active transport

Question 24

protein carriers

Answer 24

help to move these molecules or ions across the membrane during active transport

Question 25

to find SA =

Answer 25

length x width x number of sides

Question 26

to find volume =

Answer 26

length x width x height

Question 27

to find the ratio

Answer 27

SA : V