Human Nutrition Flashcards
what is a balanced diet
one which a person eats a variety of foods from different food groups to have a healthy life
importance of
carbs - fast energy source
proteins - imune system, enzymes, growth, development and repair
lipids - warmth, long term energy
minerals - hormones, heart
vitamins -resists infections, energy level
fiber - digestion, regulates blood
water - hydrates body
what causes rickets and what does it do
lack of vitamin D
- affects bone health
- gives bone pains
- fatigue
- poor wound heal
what causes scurvy and what does it do
lack of vitamin C
- bleeding gums
- poor wound heal
organs in digestion
- mouth: ingestion takes substances inside body
- oesophagus - same
- stomach: digestion break down of food
- small intestine (duodenum and ilium): absorption of nutrients in blood assimilation (uptake and use of nutrients)
- large intestine (colon, rectum, anus):
egestion removes undigested food from feces
associated organs
- salivary glands
- pancreas
- liver
- gall bladder
what is physical digestion
the break down of foods into smaller pieces without chemical changes to the food molecules
what does physical digestion do
increases the SA of foos for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion
types of human teeth and their functions
incisors - to bite and cut food
canines - to tear and grasp food
premolars - to crush and grid food
molars - to chew and grid food
together they break down food
structure of a human teeth
enamel, dentine, pulp, blood vessels and cement
teeth are embedded in
bones and the gum
what is the role of bile
is emulsifying fats to increase SA for chemical digestion
what is chemical digestion
the break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
what is the role of chemical digestion
to produce small soluble molecules that can be absorbed
enzymes
- amylase breaks down starch to reducing sugars
- lipases breaks down fats into fatty acids
- proteases breaks down proteins into amino acids
what is the main function of hydrochloric acids in gastric juices
to kill harmful microorganisms and provide acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity
digestion of starch in digestive system
- amylase breaks down starch to maltose
- maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium of lining of the small intestine
digestion of protein in digestive system
pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach
trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine
bile is
an alkaline mixture that neutralizes the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action
the small intestine is
a region where nutrients are absorbed , most water absorbed in the small intestine but some is also absorbed from the colon.
what is the importance of vili and microvilli in the small intestine
to increase the internal SA of the small intestine to maximize the absorption of nutrients
what is the structure of the villi
- epithelial cells
- blood vessels
- venial
- arteriole
- lacteal
what does the lacteal do
absorbs fatty acids and glycerol and transports it away form the villi
what does the blood capillaries do
absorbs proteins, cabs and transports it away from the villi and delivers oxygen to the microvilli so it can preform respiration
amylase is found in
saliva and pancreas
proteases are found in
stomach
(pepsin) and small intestine (trypsin)
lipase is found in
small intestine
