Enzymes

Question 1

enzymes are made of

Answer 1

proteins, amino acids

Question 2

enzymes act as

Answer 2

biological catalysts that increase the rates of reactions and is not changed by the reaction

Question 3

how do enzymes get their shape

Answer 3

• the sequence and types of animo acids in its structure
• the shape is determined in different ways as it helps them to do different functions

Question 4

enzymes are

Answer 4

specific as each substrate fits with a different substrate in its active site, which can be reused

Question 5

any reaction needs

Answer 5

energy so it can occur, called activation energy. when the substrate fits with the enzyme, creating the E-S complex they lower the activation needed for it to occur, making it easier to occur and so speeds up the reaction

Question 6

how does enzymes help with a reaction

Answer 6

first a disaccharide (sucrose) is formed by fructose and glucose chemically bonded, the substrate fits into the enzyme (E-S complex), where the disaccharide is broken using water molecules to become 2 monosaccharides by hydrolysis. finally the sucrose that was broken down into fructose and glucose (the products) are the result of a chemical reaction, the reactants (sucrose) products (fructose and glucose)

Question 7

enzymes are important because

Answer 7

they are needed in digestion, respiration, photosynthesis and much more chemical reactions needed for survival

Question 8

lactose breaks down

Answer 8

to sugars in milk (disaccharides)

Question 9

lactase is an enzyme that

Answer 9

breaks down lactose in to galactose and glucose

Question 10

why does temp affect the reate of enzyme activity

Answer 10

temp is a variable that reflects how much kinetic energy particles have (celsius and fahrenheit) so in a graph, it has a form or a J

Question 11

how a graph represents temp affecting rate of enzyme activity

Answer 11

• first there will be an exponential increase as particles gain energy and collide more
• then reaches optimum temp, where the bonds break and enzyme changes shape
• enzyme activity decreases drastically as it denatures

Question 12

explain temp graph

Answer 12

as temp increases, enzyme activity increases as they gain more kinetic energy and collide more. the enzyme works best at optimum temp but temp continues increasing and after that, the enzymes denatures and the activity decreases. high temp lead to loss of enzyme activity

Question 13

why does pH affect the reate of enzyme activity

Answer 13

pH is a variable that reflects acidity in a solution, therefore in a graph, it is represented as a bell shape

Question 14

how a graph represents pH affecting rate of enzyme activity

Answer 14

• first there drastic increase when pH levels increase,
• it reaches optimum pH,
• the active site changes shape and denatures, so there is a gradual decrease as pH levels continue to increase

Question 15

explain pH graph

Answer 15

the effect of pH on enzyme activity is that the optimum pH is where the enzymes works bests, but as it continues to rise after the optimum, it causes hydrogen bonds to weaken and the enzyme changes shape, it denatures and there is a gradual decrease. when the pH becomes to acidic or to alkaline, the activity decreases

Question 16

enzymes are involved in

Answer 16

all metabolical reactions